Comparison of the Effects of Preserved and Unpreserved Formulations of Timolol on the Ocular Surface of Albino Rabbits

Abstract

Thirty-six albino rabbits, randomly divided into six groups, were used to study their ocular tolerance to (a) 0.25 and 0.50% Timoptol^® preserved with 0.01% benzalkonium chloride, (b) 0.25 and 0.50% Timoptol-LP^®, a gel-forming solution preserved with 0.012% benzododecinium bromide, and (c) 0.25 and 0.50% Timabak^® unpreserved in the ABAK^® eyedrops dispenser. All eyedrops were applied in the right eye for 60 days. A clinical follow-up with slitlamp examination and break-up time evaluation was performed for 2 months. At the end of the experimentation, the animals were sacrificed and their eyes enucleated for histological analyses of the conjunctiva and cornea. There was no significant difference in the clinical examination between each group, except for the break-up time evaluation between Timoptol and Timabak at each concentration which was better with the unpreserved timolol. Histological results showed a significant difference in the corneal stroma edema between preserved and unpreserved timolol. This study confirms that using unpreserved timolol may be beneficial for the long-term treatment of glaucomatous patients as it increases tear film stability and decreases epithelial permeability and stromal aggression of the cornea.