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Abstract
This study examined the capacity of 4-month-old infants to identify their maternal
language when phonologically similar languages are contrasted, using a visual orientation
procedure with a reaction time measure. Infants from monolingual and bilingual environments
were compared in order to analyze whether differences in linguistic background affect
this behavioral response. In experiment 1 the validity of the procedure was assessed
with a pair of phonologically dissimilar languages (Catalan or Spanish vs. English).
In experiment 2, 20 infants from monolingual environments tested in a similar language
contrast (Catalan vs. Spanish) indicated that discrimination is already possible at
that age. Results from experiment 3, using low-pass filtered utterances, suggested
that infants can rely on information about supra-segmental features to make this distinction.
For the infants growing up in bilingual environments no preference for either of the
familiar languages was found. Moreover, when their maternal language was contrasted
either with English or with Italian, in both cases the bilingual group showed a similar
pattern, consisting of significantly longer latencies for the familiar language. Possible
interpretations of this unexpected pattern of results are discussed and its implications
for bilingual language acquisition are considered.