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      Journal of Pain Research (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on reporting of high-quality laboratory and clinical findings in all fields of pain research and the prevention and management of pain. Sign up for email alerts here.

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      Analgesic efficacy and safety of epidural oxycodone in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty: a pilot study

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          Abstract

          Background and objectives

          Oxycodone is poorly studied as an adjuvant to central blockades. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the efficacy and safety of oxycodone hydrochloride in epidural blockade among patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA).

          Patients and methods

          In 11 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system II/III, age range: 59–82 years), THA was conducted with an epidural blockade using 15 mL 0.25% bupivacaine (37.5 mg) with 5 mg oxycodone hydrochloride and sedation with propofol infusion at a dose of 3–5 mg/kg/h. After the surgery, patients received ketoprofen at a dose of 100 mg twice daily. In the first 24 hours postoperative period, pain was assessed by numerical rating scale at rest and on movement; adverse effects (AEs) were recorded; and plasma concentrations of oxycodone, noroxycodone, and bupivacaine were measured.

          Results

          The administration of epidural oxycodone at a dose of 5 mg in patients undergoing THA provided analgesia for a mean time of 10.3±4.89 h. In one patient, mild pruritus was observed. Oxycodone did not evoke other AEs. Plasma concentrations of oxycodone while preserving analgesia were >2.9 ng/mL. Noroxycodone concentrations in plasma did not guarantee analgesic effect.

          Conclusion

          The administration of epidural oxycodone at a dose of 5 mg prolongs the analgesia period to ~10 hours in patients after THA. Oxycodone may evoke pruritus. A 5 mg dose of oxycodone hydrochloride used in an epidural blockade seems to be a safe drug in patients after THA.

          Most cited references24

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          Analgesia mediated by a direct spinal action of narcotics.

          Narcotic analgetics administered directly into the spinal subarachnoid space of the rat via a chronically inserted catheter produce a potent analgesia that can be antagonized by naloxone. The narcotics, acting only at the spinal level, changed cord function to block not only spinal reflexes but also the operant response to painful stimuli.
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            Pain relief by intrathecally applied morphine in man.

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              Oxycodone.

              Eija Kalso (2005)
              Oxycodone has been in clinical use since 1917. Parenteral oxycodone was used mainly for the treatment of acute postoperative pain whereas combinations, for example, oxycodone and acetaminophen, were used for moderate pain. Since the introduction of controlled-release oxycodone, it has been used to manage cancer-related pain and chronic non-cancer-related pain problems. Controlled studies have been performed in postoperative pain, cancer pain, osteoarthritis-related pain, and neuropathic pain due to postherpetic neuralgia and diabetic neuropathy. The pharmacodynamic effects of oxycodone are typical of a mu-opioid agonist. Oxycodone closely resembles morphine but it has some distinct differences, particularly in its pharmacokinetic profile. Being an old drug, the basic pharmacology of oxycodone has been a neglected field of research.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Pain Res
                J Pain Res
                Journal of Pain Research
                Journal of Pain Research
                Dove Medical Press
                1178-7090
                2017
                27 September 2017
                : 10
                : 2303-2309
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Anaesthesiology, Józef Struś Multiprofile Municipal Hospital, Poznań
                [2 ]Department of Palliative Medicine
                [3 ]Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy
                [4 ]Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Wojciech Leppert, Department of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Osiedle Rusa 55, 61-245 Poznań, Poland, Tel/Fax +48 61 8738 303, Email wojciechleppert@ 123456wp.pl
                Article
                jpr-10-2303
                10.2147/JPR.S144799
                5627752
                29026333
                e66f19de-7513-4e7f-b429-34ef9b1c138b
                © 2017 Olczak et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

                The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

                History
                Categories
                Original Research

                Anesthesiology & Pain management
                analgesia,oxycodone,pain,total hip arthroplasty
                Anesthesiology & Pain management
                analgesia, oxycodone, pain, total hip arthroplasty

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