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      Transposable elements in cancer

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      Journal: Nature Reviews Cancer
      Publisher: Springer Nature

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          Abstract

          Transposable elements give rise to interspersed repeats, sequences that comprise most of our genomes. These mobile DNAs have been historically underappreciated — both because they have been presumed to be unimportant, and because their high copy number and variability pose unique technical challenges. Neither impediment

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          Most cited references125

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          Repbase update: a database and an electronic journal of repetitive elements.

          J Jurka (2000)
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            Reverse transcription of R2Bm RNA is primed by a nick at the chromosomal target site: a mechanism for non-LTR retrotransposition.

            D. D. Luan, M Korman, J L Jakubczak … (1993)
            R2 is a non-LTR retrotransposable element that inserts at a specific site in the 28S rRNA genes of most insects. We have expressed the open reading frame of the R2 element from Bombyx mori, R2Bm, in E. coli and shown that it encodes both sequence-specific endonuclease and reverse transcriptase activities. The R2 protein makes a specific nick in one of the DNA strands at the insertion site and uses the 3' hydroxyl group exposed by this nick to prime reverse transcription of its RNA transcript. After reverse transcription, cleavage of the second DNA strand occurs. A similar mechanism of insertion may be used by other non-LTR retrotransposable elements as well as short interspersed nucleotide elements.
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              APC mutations occur early during colorectal tumorigenesis.

              S Powell, N Zilz, Y Beazer-Barclay … (1992)
              Human tumorigenesis is associated with the accumulation of mutations both in oncogenes and in tumour suppressor genes. But in no common adult cancer have the mutations that are critical in the early stages of the tumorigenic process been defined. We have attempted to determine if mutations of the APC gene play such a role in human colorectal tumours, which evolve from small benign tumours (adenomas) to larger malignant tumours (carcinomas) over the course of several decades. Here we report that sequence analysis of 41 colorectal tumours revealed that the majority of colorectal carcinomas (60%) and adenomas (63%) contained a mutated APC gene. Furthermore, the APC gene met two criteria of importance for tumour initiation. First, mutations of this gene were found in the earliest tumours that could be analysed, including adenomas as small as 0.5 cm in diameter. Second, the frequency of such mutations remained constant as tumours progressed from benign to malignant stages. These data provide strong evidence that mutations of the APC gene play a major role in the early development of colorectal neoplasms.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Nature Reviews Cancer
                Abbreviated Title: Nat Rev Cancer
                Publisher: Springer Nature
                ISSN (Print): 1474-175X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1474-1768
                Publication date Created: June 9 2017
                Publication date (Print): June 9 2017
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 7
                Pages: 415-424
                Article
                DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2017.35
                PubMed ID: 28642606
                SO-VID: e6974a18-8ee7-4cb2-9606-fcafba3a13c2
                Copyright © © 2017
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