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      Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Infected with Adenovirus Expressing HGF Promote Regeneration of Damaged Neuron Cells in a Parkinson's Disease Model

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          Abstract

          Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder that is characterized by the progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic (DA) pathway. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord (hUC-MSCs) have great potential for developing a therapeutic agent as such. HGF is a multifunctional mediator originally identified in hepatocytes and has recently been reported to possess various neuroprotective properties. This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of hUC-MSCs infected by an adenovirus carrying the HGF gene on the PD cell model induced by MPP+ on human bone marrow neuroblastoma cells. Our results provide evidence that the cultural supernatant from hUC-MSCs expressing HGF could promote regeneration of damaged PD cells at higher efficacy than the supernatant from hUC-MSCs alone. And intracellular free Ca 2+ obviously decreased after treatment with cultural supernatant from hUC-MSCs expressing HGF, while the expression of CaBP-D28k, an intracellular calcium binding protein, increased. Therefore our study clearly demonstrated that cultural supernatant of MSC overexpressing HGF was capable of eliciting regeneration of damaged PD model cells. This effect was probably achieved through the regulation of intracellular Ca 2+ levels by modulating of CaBP-D28k expression.

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          Most cited references27

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          Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease.

          Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder that is characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta resulting in dopamine deficiency in the striatum. Although majority of the PD cases are sporadic several genetic mutations have also been linked to the disease thus providing new opportunities to study the pathology of the illness. Studies in humans and various animal models of PD reveal that mitochondrial dysfunction might be a defect that occurs early in PD pathogenesis and appears to be a widespread feature in both sporadic and monogenic forms of PD. The general mitochondrial abnormalities linked with the disease include mitochondrial electron transport chain impairment, alterations in mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, mitochondrial DNA mutations and anomaly in calcium homeostasis. Mitochondria are vital organelles with multiple functions and their dysfunction can lead to a decline in energy production, generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of stress-induced apoptosis. In this review, we give an outline of mitochondrial functions that are affected in the pathogenesis of sporadic and familial PD, and hence provide insights that might be valuable for focused future research to exploit possible mitochondrial targets for neuroprotective interventions in PD. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Open-labeled study of unilateral autologous bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in Parkinson's disease.

            Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease for which stem cell research has created hope in the last few years. Seven PD patients aged 22 to 62 years with a mean duration of disease 14.7+/-7.56 years were enrolled to participate in the prospective, uncontrolled, pilot study of single-dose, unilateral transplantation of autologous bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). The BM-MSCs were transplanted into the sublateral ventricular zone by stereotaxic surgery. Patients were followed up for a period that ranged from 10 to 36 months. The mean baseline "off" score was 65+/-22.06, and the mean baseline "on" score was 50.6+/-15.85. Three of 7 patients have shown a steady improvement in their "off"/"on" Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). The mean "off" score at their last follow-up was 43.3 with an improvement of 22.9% from the baseline. The mean "on" score at their last follow-up was 31.7, with an improvement of 38%. Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) and Schwab and England (S&E) scores showed similar improvements from 2.7 and 2.5 in H&Y and 14% improvement in S&E scores, respectively. A subjective improvement was found in symptoms like facial expression, gait, and freezing episodes; 2 patients have significantly reduced the dosages of PD medicine. These results indicate that our protocol seems to be safe, and no serious adverse events occurred after stem-cell transplantation in PD patients. The number of patients recruited and the uncontrolled nature of the trial did not permit demonstration of effectiveness of the treatment involved. However, the results encourage future trials with more patients to demonstrate efficacy. (c) 2010 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Fetal dopaminergic transplantation trials and the future of neural grafting in Parkinson's disease.

              Clinical use of allografts of fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue as a treatment to replace dopaminergic neurons in patients with Parkinson's disease was first done more than 20 years ago. Since then, many patients have received transplants, with variable results. During this time, our knowledge of Parkinson's disease has changed and the nature and extent of problems associated with the disorder have been better defined. Our understanding on how best to implement this cell-replacement strategy for patients has grown, but gaining this insight has entailed critical reappraisal of data from transplant trials that have already been undertaken. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Biomed Res Int
                Biomed Res Int
                BMRI
                BioMed Research International
                Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                2314-6133
                2314-6141
                2014
                3 September 2014
                : 2014
                : 909657
                Affiliations
                1Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong Road, Weifang 261053, China
                2The Neurology Department, The 148th Hospital, 20 Zhanbei Road, Zibo 255300, China
                3Medical College of Henan University, 357 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475001, China
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Shiwei Duan

                Article
                10.1155/2014/909657
                4167956
                e6a43186-df8b-4efd-a620-6d339da9a916
                Copyright © 2014 Xin-Shan Liu et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 28 June 2014
                : 22 July 2014
                : 5 August 2014
                Categories
                Research Article

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