Insulin Resistance Is Increased by Transdermal Estrogen Therapy in Postmenopausal Women with Cardiac Syndrome X

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Abstract

Estrogen has been reported to have both short- and long-term effects on the cardiovascular system. However, it remains to be examined how short-term transdermal estrogen therapy (TET) affects insulin sensitivity (SI) in patients with cardiac syndrome X (CSX), who are characterized by elevated insulin resistance. SI was assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study by minimal model analysis in seven postmenopausal women with CSX treated by TET. SI decreased by 32 ± 8.3%, from 5.94 ± 1.14 at baseline to 3.61 ± 0.40 [(10<sup>–4</sup> × min<sup>–1</sup>)/(µU/ml)] during TET (p = 0.03). Time to the onset of symptoms increased from 414.2 ± 51.0 s at baseline to 450.0 ± 53.2 s (p = 0.04). We conclude that TET increases SI in postmenopausal women with CSX. This effect is unrelated to the beneficial anti-ischemic effects on exercise duration.

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Most cited references 4

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Hyperinsulinemia as an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease.

J P Després, B Lamarche, P Mauriège … (1996)

Prospective studies suggest that hyperinsulinemia may be an important risk factor for ischemic heart disease. However, it has not been determined whether plasma insulin levels are independently related to ischemic heart disease after adjustment for other risk factors, including plasma lipoprotein levels. In 1985 we collected blood samples from 2103 men from suburbs of Quebec City, Canada, who were 45 to 76 years of age and who did not have ischemic heart disease. A first ischemic event (angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction or death from coronary heart disease) occurred in 114 men (case patients) between 1985 and 1990. Each case patient was matched for age, body-mass index, smoking habits, and alcohol consumption with a control selected from among the 1989 men who remained free of ischemic heart disease during follow-up. After excluding men with diabetes, we compared fasting plasma insulin and lipoprotein concentrations at base line in 91 case patients and 105 controls. Fasting insulin concentrations at base line were 18 percent higher in the case patients than in the controls (P<0.001). Logistic-regression analysis showed that the insulin concentration remained associated with ischemic heart disease (odds ratio for ischemic heart disease with each increase of 1 SD in the insulin concentration, 1.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 2.4) after adjustment for systolic blood pressure, use of medications, and family history of ischemic heart disease. Further adjustment by multivariate analysis for plasma triglyceride, apolipoprotein B, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations did not significantly diminish the association between the insulin concentration and the risk of ischemic heart disease (odds ratio, 1.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.3). High fasting insulin concentrations appear to be an independent predictor of ischemic heart disease in men.

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Effects of low doses of transdermal 17 beta-estradiol on carbohydrate metabolism in postmenopausal women

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): CRD

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cardiology

Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0008-6312

Title: Cardiology

Publisher: S. Karger AG

ISSN (Print): 0008-6312

ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9751

Publication date Subscription-year: 2001

Publication date (Print): May 2001

Publication date (Electronic): 25 May 2001

Volume: 95

Issue: 1

Pages: 31-34

Affiliations

^aCardiology Division, University of Texas Medical School and Hermann Hospital, Houston, Tex., USA; ^bLipid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine A, ^cCardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah-Tiqva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

Article

Publisher ID: 47340 Other ID: Cardiology 2001;95:31–34

DOI: 10.1159/000047340

PubMed ID: 11385189

SO-VID: e6fc4c62-ac73-45b8-aa37-82fd57264dd9

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