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      Disorders due to addictive behaviors: Further issues, debates, and controversies • : Commentary to the debate: “Behavioral addictions in the ICD-11”

      article-commentary
      * ,
      Journal of Behavioral Addictions
      Akadémiai Kiadó
      behavioral addictions, social network use disorder, pornography use disorder, buying-shopping disorder, sex addiction, compulsive sexual behavior disorder

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          Abstract

          Two recent papers in the Journal of Behavioral Addictions by Brand et al. (2022), and Sassover and Weinstein (2022) both make interesting additions to the place of behavioral addictions in the more general addictive behaviors field. This commentary discusses some of the further nuances in the debates surrounding whether problematic engagement in social networking, pornography, and buying/shopping should be considered as possible ‘disorders due to addictive behaviors’ in the ICD-11. Particular emphasis in this commentary is placed on social network use disorder and its delineation. While there is growing evidence that addictions to sex, pornography, social network sites, exercise, work, and buying/shopping may be genuine disorders among a minority of individuals, none of these behaviors is likely to be included in formal psychiatric manuals in the near future until there is more high-quality data on all research fronts (e.g., epidemiological, neurobiological, psychological, and clinical).

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          Most cited references62

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          A ‘components’ model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework

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            The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study.

            Over the last decade, research into "addictive technological behaviors" has substantially increased. Research has also demonstrated strong associations between addictive use of technology and comorbid psychiatric disorders. In the present study, 23,533 adults (mean age 35.8 years, ranging from 16 to 88 years) participated in an online cross-sectional survey examining whether demographic variables, symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, and depression could explain variance in addictive use (i.e., compulsive and excessive use associated with negative outcomes) of two types of modern online technologies: social media and video games. Correlations between symptoms of addictive technology use and mental disorder symptoms were all positive and significant, including the weak interrelationship between the two addictive technological behaviors. Age appeared to be inversely related to the addictive use of these technologies. Being male was significantly associated with addictive use of video games, whereas being female was significantly associated with addictive use of social media. Being single was positively related to both addictive social networking and video gaming. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that demographic factors explained between 11 and 12% of the variance in addictive technology use. The mental health variables explained between 7 and 15% of the variance. The study significantly adds to our understanding of mental health symptoms and their role in addictive use of modern technology, and suggests that the concept of Internet use disorder (i.e., "Internet addiction") as a unified construct is not warranted.
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              Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research

              Background Behavioral addiction research has been particularly flourishing over the last two decades. However, recent publications have suggested that nearly all daily life activities might lead to a genuine addiction. Methods and aim In this article, we discuss how the use of atheoretical and confirmatory research approaches may result in the identification of an unlimited list of “new” behavioral addictions. Results Both methodological and theoretical shortcomings of these studies were discussed. Conclusions We suggested that studies overpathologizing daily life activities are likely to prompt a dismissive appraisal of behavioral addiction research. Consequently, we proposed several roadmaps for future research in the field, centrally highlighting the need for longer tenable behavioral addiction research that shifts from a mere criteria-based approach toward an approach focusing on the psychological processes involved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                J Behav Addict
                J Behav Addict
                JBA
                Journal of Behavioral Addictions
                Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                2062-5871
                2063-5303
                13 July 2022
                July 2022
                July 2022
                : 11
                : 2
                : 180-185
                Affiliations
                [1] International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University , 50 Shakespeare Street Nottingham NG1 4FQ, United Kingdom
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. E-mail: mark.griffiths@ 123456ntu.ac.uk
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8880-6524
                Article
                10.1556/2006.2022.00025
                9295243
                35895451
                e7715c22-4940-47c1-b7f3-5b80eb2e5b92
                © 2022 The Author(s)

                Open Access. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes – if any – are indicated.

                History
                : 20 August 2021
                : 13 March 2022
                : 15 April 2022
                Page count
                Equations: 0, References: 63, Pages: 06
                Categories
                Article

                behavioral addictions,social network use disorder,pornography use disorder,buying-shopping disorder,sex addiction,compulsive sexual behavior disorder

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