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      Effects of Chronic Hypogonadism on Corticosterone Secretion and Cyclic AMP Production in Male Rat Adrenocortical Cells

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          Abstract

          Aim: To determine the secretion of corticosterone (CCS) both in vivo and in vitro during different intervals after orchidectomy in male rats. Methods: Three- and 12-month-old rats had been orchidectomized 0, 3, 6, or 9 months before decapitation. Results: Orchidectomy increased the concentrations of plasma CCS, the basal release of CCS, and the adenosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production in rat zona fasciculata reticularis (ZFR) cells. The forskolin/3-isobutyl- l-methylxanthine-stimulated releases of CCS and cAMP production by ZFR cells were higher in rats with chronic hypogonadism. The CCS release from ZFR cells of orchidectomized rat was not altered by 8-bromo-cAMP treatment. Orchidectomy enhanced the stimulatory effect of deoxycorticosterone on CCS release in ZFR cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that orchidectomy-related increases of CCS secretion in rats are associated with an increase of adenylate cyclase activity, cAMP generation, and 11-β-hydroxylase activity in ZFR cells.

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          Androgen regulation of adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone secretion in the male rat following novelty and foot shock stressors

          Robert Handa, Karin M Nunley, Stanley Lorens … (1994)
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            Gene expression of progesterone receptor isoforms in the rat brain.

            Nina S. T. Hirata, N Yamada-Fowler, A Nozawa … (1994)
            Progesterone receptors (PRs) are known to exist in two forms: a larger molecular, form B, and a smaller one, form A. Rat PR cDNA corresponding to the region around the translation-initiation site (ATGB) of the putative PR form B mRNA was cloned, together with cloning of steroid-binding domain of the PR forms A and B. An imperfect "estrogen responsive element," GGTCG*** TGACT, was located around ATGB of the rat PR cDNA. The distribution of PR mRNA-containing neurons was mapped in the female adult rat brain by in situ hybridization, which was largely in agreement with that of PR proteins. Differential intracerebral distribution of the mRNAs, measured by the quantitative RT-PCR Southern blotting assay, was found between the total (A+B) and form B mRNA levels, indicating possible distinct mechanisms responsible for regulation of the expression of the PR mRNAs. A region-specific and stage-related gene expression of form B seems predominantly to be "turned on" first around birth, followed by that of form A around Days 8-12. The postnatal developmental pattern of PR form B mRNA in the cerebral cortex resembled that of the PR proteins. Noninducibility of the cortical PR by estrogen might be ascribable to the predominance of form B mRNA, which was reported to have little or no estrogen inducibility. A missmatch existed between PR from A and its mRNA levels, suggesting some impairment of the synthesis of form A. Thyroid hormone may be a regulator of gene expression of the receptor in the developing cortex.
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              Sex-differences in adrenocortical responsiveness during development in rats.

              Shintarou Yoshimura, Shinobu Sakamoto, Hideki Kudo … (2003)
              It is known that the stress hyporesponsive period (SHRP), which seems to be related to an immature hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) regulatory system, occurs during the first 2 weeks after birth in rats. In the present study, we investigated the effects of sex-steroid hormones on adrenocortical responsiveness to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in neonatal rats. The levels of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), corticosterone, and adenylate cyclase activity increased with the dose of ACTH in adrenal cells of males and females in vitro. The ACTH responsiveness in adrenal cells increased with age (7-35 days of age), that is, the loss in responsiveness to ACTH just after birth began to recover in 14-35-day-old rats, but the responsiveness in 14-day-old rats was attenuated in males compared with females. Although castration markedly augmented the responsiveness in male rats, testosterone-replacement in the castrated male rats inhibited the enhancement. Furthermore, the responsiveness in 14-day-intact female rats was suppressed by treatment with testosterone. Expression levels of ACTH receptor mRNA in adrenals increased with age in the female rat, but not in the male. Castration enhanced the level of ACTH receptor mRNA to three-fold of that in intact male rats at 14 days of age, but replacement treatment with testosterone in castrated male rats lowered the elevated levels. Testicular androgens are thought to evoke a gender-specific response in neonates, and the temporal decrease of adrenal ACTH-responsiveness might be due to the topically immature adrenal system as well as the central nervous system in mammals.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): HRE
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Horm Res Paediatr
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.1663-2818
                Title: Hormone Research in Paediatrics
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 1663-2818
                ISSN (Electronic): 1663-2826
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2004
                Publication date (Print): March 2004
                Publication date (Electronic): 02 March 2004
                Volume: 61
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 84-91
                Affiliations
                aDepartment of Physical Therapy, Hungkuang University, Taichung, bNational Taipei College of Nursing, Taipei, and cDepartment of Physiology, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
                Article
                Publisher ID: 75386 Other ID: Horm Res 2004;61:84–91
                DOI: 10.1159/000075386
                PubMed ID: 14665798
                SO-VID: e79c9d95-6cdb-4bd5-987e-582adf45eba5
                Copyright © © 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Date received : 22 November 2001
                Date accepted : 24 September 2003
                Page count
                Figures: 7, References: 26, Pages: 8
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Endocrinology & Diabetes,Neurology,Nutrition & Dietetics,Sexual medicine,Internal medicine,Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: 11β-Hydroxylase,Adenylate cyclase,Corticosterone,Orchidectomized rat,Zona fasciculata reticularis cells
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Endocrinology & Diabetes, Neurology, Nutrition & Dietetics, Sexual medicine, Internal medicine, Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: 11β-Hydroxylase, Adenylate cyclase, Corticosterone, Orchidectomized rat, Zona fasciculata reticularis cells

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