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      Sample pre-concentration with high enrichment factors at a fixed location in paper-based microfluidic devices.

      1 , 1 , 1
      Lab on a chip
      Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

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          Abstract

          The lack of sensitivity is a major problem among microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) for early disease detection and diagnosis. Accordingly, the present study presents a method for improving the enrichment factor of low-concentration biomarkers by using shallow paper-based channels realized through a double-sided wax-printing process. In addition, the enrichment factor is further enhanced by exploiting the ion concentration polarization (ICP) effect on the cathodic side of the nanoporous membrane, in which a stationary sample plug is obtained. The occurrence of ICP on the shallow-channel μPAD is confirmed by measuring the current-voltage response as the external voltage is increased from 0 to 210 V (or the field strength from 0 to 1.05 × 10(4) V m(-1)) over 600 s. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, the electroosmotic flow (EOF) speed on the μPAD fabricated with a wax-channel is measured for the first time using a current monitoring method. The experimental results show that for a fluorescein sample, the concentration factor is increased from 130-fold in a conventional full-thickness paper channel to 944-fold in the proposed shallow channel. Furthermore, for a fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) sample, the proposed shallow-channel μPAD achieves an 835-fold improvement in the concentration factor. The concentration technique presented here provides a novel strategy for enhancing the detection sensitivity of μPAD applications.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Lab Chip
          Lab on a chip
          Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
          1473-0189
          1473-0189
          Mar 07 2016
          : 16
          : 5
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. rjyang@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
          Article
          10.1039/c5lc01365h
          26876347
          e7d154b5-294a-4fe6-b510-e0f86d61f44e
          History

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