Problemas alimentarios en adolescentes y su relación con la dieta en horario escolar Translated title: Eating problems in adolescents and its relationship with dietary habits during school hours

Abstract

Resumen Se ha realizado un estudio sobre la posible relación entre los hábitos alimentarios de los adolescentes en el horario escolar y la detección de trastornos alimentarios. Han participado 4362 alumnos/as (49.7% chicas y 50.3% chicos) de 16 colegios de secundaria, de 13 a 17 años. Se han registrado las variables sociodemográficas, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), y los cuestionarios EAT-40 y BSQ, además de los tipos de alimentación y bebida de los adolescentes antes y durante la mañana escolar el día de la evaluación. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre chicos y chicas en su preocupación y en sus hábitos alimentarios. Respecto al IMC, un 17.8% tiene peso insuficiente, un 19.1% sobrepeso y un 6.0% obesidad. Un porcentaje del 9.6% en chicas y un 1.7% en chicos presentaría trastornos alimentarios. Las chicas muestran siempre mayor preocupación por la alimentación y por la imagen corporal, y también son las que menos desayunan o comen en la jornada escolar. La preocupación está correlacionada con la obesidad y no tanto con el infrapeso (r = .18 en EAT, y r = .30 en BSQ). No se han encontrado correlaciones significativas con los hábitos alimentarios, aunque quienes más se preocupan beben y comen menos, pero con un IMC superior. Como dato global, un 6.3% de las chicas y un 3.6% de los chicos no toman absolutamente nada durante todo ese horario escolar. Se discute la importancia de los hábitos en la dieta para la prevención de problemas alimentarios en estas edades.

Translated abstract

Abstract A study was carried out on the possible relationship between the eating habits of adolescents during A study was carried out on the possible relationship between the eating habits of adolescents during school hours and the detection of eating disorders. A total of 4362 students (49.7% girls and 50.3% boys) from 16 secondary schools aged 13 to 17 years participated. Sociodemographic variables, body mass index (BMI), EAT-40 and BSQ questionnaires, as well as the types of eating and drinking of adolescents before and during the school morning on the day of the assessment were recorded. The results show significant differences between boys and girls in their concern and eating habits. Regarding BMI, 17.8% were underweight, 19.1% overweight and 6.0% obese. A percentage of 9.6% of girls and 1.7% of boys reported eating disorders. Girls always show a greater concern about food and body image, and they are also the ones who eat the least breakfast or lunch during the school day. Worry is correlated with obesity and not so much with underweight (r = .18 in EAT, and r = .30 in BSQ). No significant correlations were found with eating habits, although those who worry more eat less, but have a higher BMI. Overall, 6.3% of the girls and 3.6% of the boys did not eat at all during the entire school day. The importance of dietary habits in relation to the prevention of eating problems at this age group is discussed.