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      Effect of preoperative gabapentin after transurethral prostate resection under general anesthesia : A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

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          Abstract

          Objectives:

          To investigate whether preoperative oral gabapentin could reduce postoperative pain, analgesic consumption and the occurrence of catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD).

          Methods:

          In this study, participants randomly received either 600 mg gabapentin or placebo orally 2 h prior to transurethral prostate resection. Visual analogue scale and Ramsay sedation scale was utilized to assess pain intensity and sedation status after surgery. Intravenous 1.5 mg.kg-1 tramadol was used for postoperative analgesia. Pain intensity, sedation status, CRBD, tramadol consumption, side effects and the overall satisfaction degree were assessed and recorded for 48 h after tracheal extubation.

          Results:

          Ninety participants given gabapentin and 91 participants given placebo completed the study. Lower visual analogue scale scores, less tramadol consumption, longer time to the first analgesic requirement, lower incidence of CRBD and nausea and higher satisfaction degree were detected in the patients receiving gabapentin compared with the patients receiving placebo.

          Conclusion:

          Preoperative oral gabapentin reduced postoperative visual analogue scale scores, tramadol consumption and the occurrence rate of CRBD and nausea, and consequently, increased the degree of patients’ satisfaction after transurethral prostate resection.

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          Gabapentin in Acute Postoperative Pain Management

          Connie Y. Chang, Chaitanya Challa, Janki Shah … (2014)
          Gabapentin (1-aminomethyl-cyclohexaneacetic acid) is an amino acid that has the structure of the neurotransmitter γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA). It is a novel drug used for the treatment of postoperative pain with antihyperalgesic properties and a unique mechanism of action. Gabapentin and the related, more potent compound pregabalin have been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of neuropathic pain as well as postoperative pain following spinal surgery and hysterectomy. This study reviews five aspects of gabapentin: (1) chemical and structural characteristics; (2) pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics; (3) application in acute pain management; (4) adverse effects; and (5) drug safety. Overall, gabapentin has been reported to be a safe and efficacious drug for the treatment of postoperative pain.
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            The Effect of Gabapentin on Acute Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty

            Lifeng Zhai, Zhoufeng Song, Kang Liu (2016)
            Abstract The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of gabapentin versus placebo for pain control after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In December 2015, a systematic computer-based search was conducted in the Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL), Web of Science, Google, and Chinese Wanfang databases. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement criteria. The primary endpoint was the visual analogue scale (VAS) score after TKA with rest or mobilization at 24 and 48 hours, representing the efficacy of pain control after TKA. Cumulative morphine consumption via patient controlled anesthesia (PCA) was also assessed to determine the morphine-spare effect. Complications such as dizziness, pruritus, vomiting, nausea, and sedation were also compiled to assess the safety of gabapentin. Stata 12.0 software was used for the meta-analysis. After testing for publication bias and heterogeneity across studies, the data were aggregated for random-effects modeling whenever necessary. Six studies involving 769 patients met the inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis revealed that gabapentin resulted in superior pain relief compared to the control group in terms of VAS score with rest at 24 hours (mean difference [MD] = −3.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] −6.16 to −0.77; P = 0.012) and at 48 hours postoperatively (MD = −2.25; 95% CI −4.21 to −0.30; P = 0.024). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to the VAS score at 24 hours postoperatively (MD = 1.05; 95% CI −3.31 to 5.42; P = 0.636) or at 48 hours (MD = 1.71; 95% CI −0.74 to 4.15; P = 0.171). These results indicated that the perioperative administration of gabapentin decreases the cumulative morphine consumption via PCA at 24 hours (MD = −8.28; 95% CI −12.57 to −3.99; P = 0.000) and 48 hours (MD = −4.50; 95% CI −10.98 to −3.61; P = 0.221). Furthermore, gabapentin decreased the rate of postoperative dizziness (relative risk [RR], 0.68; 95% CI 0.47–0.99, P = 0.044) and the occurrence of pruritus (RR, 0.50; 95% CI 0.37–0.67, P = 0.000). Based on the current meta-analysis, gabapentin exerts an analgesic and opioid-sparing effect in acute postoperative pain management without increasing the rate of dizziness and pruritus.
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              The efficacy of preoperative administration of gabapentin/pregabalin in improving pain after total hip arthroplasty: a meta-analysis

              Yingdelong Mao, Lianguo Wu, Weiguo Ding (2016)
              Background The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was to evaluate the pain control by gabapentin or pregabalin administration versus placebo after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods In January 2016, a systematic computer-based search was conducted in the Medline, Embase, PubMed, CENTRAL (Cochrane Controlled Trials Register), Web of Science and Google databases. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the PRISMA statement criteria. The primary endpoint was the cumulative morphine consumption and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at 24 and 48 h with rest or mobilisation. The complications of vomiting, nausea, dizziness and pruritus were also compiled to assess the safety of gabapentin and pregabalin. Stata 12.0 software was used for the meta-analysis. After testing for publication bias and heterogeneity across studies, the data were aggregated for random-effects modelling when necessary. Results Seven studies involving 769 patients met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that treatment with gabapentin or pregabalin can decrease the cumulative morphine consumption at 24 h (mean difference (MD) = −7.82; 95 % CI −0.95 to −0.52; P < 0.001) and 48 h (MD = −6.90; 95 % CI −0.95 to −0.57; P = 0.118). Gabapentin or pregabalin produced no better outcome than placebo in terms of VAS score with rest at 24 h (SMD = 0.15; 95 % CI −0.17 to −0.48; P = 0.360) and with rest at 48 h (SMD = 0.22; 95 % CI −0.25 to 0.69; P = 0.363). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to the VAS score at 24 h postoperatively (SMD = 0.46; 95 % CI −0.19 to 1.11; P = 0.164) and at 48 h postoperatively (SMD = 1.15; 95 % CI −0.58 to 2.89; P = 0.193). Gabapentin decreased the occurrence of nausea (relative risk (RR), 0.49; 95 % CI 0.27–0.92, P = 0.025), but there was no significant difference in the incidence of vomiting, dizziness and pruritus. Conclusions On the basis of the current meta-analysis, gabapentin or pregabalin can decrease the cumulative morphine consumption and decrease the occurrence of nausea; however, further trials are needed to assess the efficacy of pain control by gabapentin or pregabalin. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-016-1231-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Saudi Med J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Saudi Med J
                Title: Saudi Medical Journal
                Publisher: Saudi Medical Journal (Saudi Arabia )
                ISSN (Print): 0379-5284
                ISSN (Electronic): 1658-3175
                Publication date (Print): June 2020
                Volume: 41
                Issue: 6
                Pages: 640-644
                Affiliations
                [1] From the Department of Urology (Wang J, Liu), from the Department of Anesthesiology (Yu, Wang N), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin; and from the Department of Urology (Fu), Changling County People’s Hospital, Changling, China.
                Author notes
                Address correspondence and reprint request to: Dr. Na Wang, Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China. E-mail: wangna080613@ 123456163.com ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8312-9787
                Article
                Publisher ID: SaudiMedJ-41-640
                DOI: 10.15537/smj.2020.6.25132
                PMC ID: 7502946
                PubMed ID: 32518932
                SO-VID: e81a30af-90e5-4d93-a4c1-e2104051743c
                Copyright © Copyright: © Saudi Medical Journal
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial License (CC BY-NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 25 March 2020
                Date accepted : 20 May 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: gabapentin,postoperative pain,transurethral prostate resection,catheter-related bladder discomfort
                Data availability:
                Keywords: gabapentin, postoperative pain, transurethral prostate resection, catheter-related bladder discomfort

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