Epitaxial graphene/Ge interfaces: a minireview

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Abstract

This review highlights recent progress in the studies of the growth and electronic properties of epitaxial graphene on Ge surfaces.

Abstract

The recent discovery of the ability to perform direct epitaxial growth of graphene layers on semiconductor Ge surfaces led to a huge interest in this topic. One of the reasons for this interest is the chance to overcome several present-day drawbacks on the method of graphene integration in modern semiconductor technology. The other one is connected with the fundamental studies of the new graphene–semiconductor interfaces that might help with the deeper understanding of mechanisms, which governs graphene growth on different substrates as well as shedding light on the interaction of graphene with these substrates, whose range is now spread from metals to insulators. The present minireview gives a timely overview of the state-of-the-art field of studies of the graphene–Ge epitaxial interfaces and draws some conclusions in this research area.

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Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films

K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. Morozov … (2004)

We describe monocrystalline graphitic films, which are a few atoms thick but are nonetheless stable under ambient conditions, metallic, and of remarkably high quality. The films are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between valence and conductance bands, and they exhibit a strong ambipolar electric field effect such that electrons and holes in concentrations up to 10 13 per square centimeter and with room-temperature mobilities of ∼10,000 square centimeters per volt-second can be induced by applying gate voltage.

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The rise of graphene.

A. K. Geim, K. S. Novoselov (2007)

Graphene is a rapidly rising star on the horizon of materials science and condensed-matter physics. This strictly two-dimensional material exhibits exceptionally high crystal and electronic quality, and, despite its short history, has already revealed a cornucopia of new physics and potential applications, which are briefly discussed here. Whereas one can be certain of the realness of applications only when commercial products appear, graphene no longer requires any further proof of its importance in terms of fundamental physics. Owing to its unusual electronic spectrum, graphene has led to the emergence of a new paradigm of 'relativistic' condensed-matter physics, where quantum relativistic phenomena, some of which are unobservable in high-energy physics, can now be mimicked and tested in table-top experiments. More generally, graphene represents a conceptually new class of materials that are only one atom thick, and, on this basis, offers new inroads into low-dimensional physics that has never ceased to surprise and continues to provide a fertile ground for applications.