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      Comparación de cuatro métodos de predicción de la concentración de ácido valproico libre en la práctica clínica Translated title: Comparison of four valproic acid free fraction determination methods used in clinical practice

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: La fracción de ácido valproico libre aumenta en pacientes con hipoalbuminemia. Se han publicado diferentes métodos para su estimación. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar la fiabilidad de dichos métodos en nuestra población y proponer un nuevo método de estimación. Método: Análisis retrospectivo realizado por el Servicio de Farmacia del Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa en pacientes ingresados entre octubre de 2017 y febrero de 2019 con al menos una concentración valle de ácido valproico. Los métodos de estimación empleados fueron los de Kodama, Hermida, Doré y un nuevo método propuesto, diseñado por García. A partir de 17 mediciones de ácido valproico se comparó el ácido valproico libre estimado con cada método y el obtenido en el laboratorio. Se calcularon la exactitud y la precisión mediante el error medio y el error cuadrático medio, respectivamente. Resultados: La comparación entre los valores observados y predichos de ácido valproico libre por los distintos métodos evaluados pone de manifiesto que el de mayor fiabilidad es el diseñado por García, al presentar la mejor exactitud y precisión. Los peores resultados son los del método Kodama, al no considerar la albuminemia, variable fundamental que condiciona la concentración, el efecto terapéutico y la toxicidad de este fármaco. Conclusiones: El método diseñado por García ha demostrado ser mejor que otros métodos, por lo que puede ser propuesto para estimar con fiabilidad el ácido valproico libre en pacientes con hipoalbuminemia, aunque se precisa aplicarlo en un mayor número de pacientes para confirmar su utilidad.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective: Given that hypoalbuminemia tends to result in higher free fraction concentrations of valproic acid, different methods have been developed to determine the latter in patients with this condition. The aim of this study is to assess the reliability of these methods and, if necessary, design a new estimation method. Method: A retrospective analysis was carried out by the Pharmacy Department of Severo Ochoa University Hospital of admitted patients with at least one trough concentration of valproic acid between October 2017 and February 2019. The estimation methods used were those developed by Kodama, Hermida, Dor., as well as a new method proposed in the study. A total of 17 serum valproic acid concentrations were used to determine the free fraction of valproic acid with each method; the values obtained were compared with the results obtained following laboratory determinations. Accuracy and precision were calculated using mean error and root mean square error, respectively. Results: The comparison between observed and predicted free valproic acid values using the methods under investigation showed that the method proposed in this study provides the highest reliability as it presents the highest accuracy and precision. The worst results were those obtained using the Kodama method, which does not consider albuminemia, an essential variable that determines the concentration, therapeutic effect and toxicity of valproic acid. Conclusions: Given that the method proposed in this study proved to be superior to the other methods analyzed, we believe it can be reliably used to estimate free valproic acid levels in patients with hypoalbuminemia.

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          Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

          New drug treatments, clinical trials, and standards of quality for assessment of evidence justify an update of evidence-based recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain. Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), we revised the Special Interest Group on Neuropathic Pain (NeuPSIG) recommendations for the pharmacotherapy of neuropathic pain based on the results of a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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            Some suggestions for measuring predictive performance.

            The performance of a prediction or measurement model is often evaluated by computing the correlation coefficient and/or the regression of predictions on true (reference) values. These provide, however, only a poor description of predictive performance. The mean square prediction error (precision) and the mean prediction error (bias) provide better descriptions of predictive performance. These quantities are easily computed, and can be used to compare prediction methods to absolute standards or to one another. The measures, however, are unreliable when the reference method is imprecise. The use of these measures is discussed and illustrated.
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              Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiepileptic Drugs in Epilepsy: A 2018 Update

              Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstay of epilepsy treatment. Since 1989, 18 new AEDs have been licensed for clinical use and there are now 27 licensed AEDs in total for the treatment of patients with epilepsy. Furthermore, several AEDs are also used for the management of other medical conditions, for example, pain and bipolar disorder. This has led to an increasingly widespread application of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of AEDs, making AEDs among the most common medications for which TDM is performed. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the indications for AED TDM, to provide key information for each individual AED in terms of the drug's prescribing indications, key pharmacokinetic characteristics, associated drug-drug pharmacokinetic interactions, and the value and the intricacies of TDM for each AED. The concept of the reference range is discussed as well as practical issues such as choice of sample types (total versus free concentrations in blood versus saliva) and sample collection and processing.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                fh
                Farmacia Hospitalaria
                Farm Hosp.
                Grupo Aula Médica (Toledo, Toledo, Spain )
                1130-6343
                2171-8695
                April 2022
                : 46
                : 2
                : 80-83
                Affiliations
                [2] Leganés Madrid orgnameHospital Universitario Severo Ochoa orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                [1] Madrid orgnameHospital Universitario La Paz orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                [3] Madrid orgnameHospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                Article
                S1130-63432022000200006 S1130-6343(22)04600200006
                10.7399/fh.11774
                e82763a0-3bd9-4c90-b218-29e0cc5c8af8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 17 June 2021
                : 10 November 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 14, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Breve

                Hypoalbuminemia,Valproic acid,Precisión,Free fraction,Estimation method,Therapeutic drug monitoring,Accuracy,Exactitud,Monitorización farmacoterapéutica,Fracción libre,Método de estimación,Hipoalbuminemia,Ácido valproico,Precision

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