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      Repercussões da pandemia de COVID-19 na saúde das mulheres mães de crianças autistas Translated title: Repercusiones de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la salud de las mujeres madres de niños autistas Translated title: Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of women mothers of autistic children

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          Abstract

          Resumo Objetivo: compreender as repercussões da pandemia de COVID-19 na saúde das mulheres que são mães de crianças autistas. Método: estudo qualitativo, tipo ação participante, fundamentado nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos de Paulo Freire. Realizou-se um Círculo de Cultura virtual em janeiro de 2021. Participaram 12 mulheres mães de crianças autistas, membros de uma associação na região Sul do Brasil. A análise dos dados ocorreu com a participação de todos os envolvidos no Círculo de Cultura, conforme Itinerário Freireano. Resultados: as mulheres refletiram sobre a sua saúde física e mental; seu papel social enquanto mãe e esposa; e a conciliação das atividades domésticas com a educação formal do filho. Também emergiram os sentimentos: cansaço, desânimo, depressão, e medo de contrair COVID-19. Conclusão: a pandemia repercutiu na sobrecarga de mulheres mães de crianças autistas com diminuição do tempo para autocuidado e a necessidade de reprogramação dos seus ambientes de trabalho e rotina doméstica.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Objetivo comprender las repercusiones de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la salud de las mujeres madres de niños autistas. Método: estudio cualitativo, tipo de acción participante, basado en los supuestos teóricos y metodológicos de Paulo Freire. En enero de 2021 se celebró un Círculo Cultural virtual. Las participantes fueron 12 mujeres madres de niños autistas, miembros de una asociación en el sur de Brasil. El análisis de los datos se produjo con la participación de todos los involucrados en el Círculo de cultura, según el Itinerario de Freire. Resultados: las mujeres reflexionaron sobre su salud física y mental; su papel social como madre y esposa; y la conciliación de las actividades domésticas con la educación formal del niño. También surgieron sentimientos: cansancio, desánimo, depresión y miedo a contraer COVID-19. Conclusión la pandemia tuvo un impacto en la carga de las mujeres madres de niños autistas con una disminución en el tiempo para el autocuidado y la necesidad de reprogramar sus entornos de trabajo y rutina doméstica.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective: to understand the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of women who are mothers of autistic children. Method: women reflected on their physical and mental health; their social role as a mother and wife; and the reconciliation of domestic activities with the formal education of the child. Feelings also emerged: tiredness, discouragement, depression and fear of contracting COVID-19. Results: women reflected on their physical and mental health; their social role as a mother and wife; and the reconciliation of domestic activities with the formal education of the child. Feelings also emerged: tiredness, discouragement, depression and fear of contracting COVID-19. Conclusion: the pandemic had an impact on the burden of women mothers of autistic children with a decrease in time for self-care and the need to reschedule their work environments and domestic routine.

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          Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

          In December 2019, novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, China. The number of cases has increased rapidly but information on the clinical characteristics of affected patients is limited.
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            Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014

            Problem/Condition Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Period Covered 2014. Description of System The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network is an active surveillance system that provides estimates of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children aged 8 years whose parents or guardians reside within 11 ADDM sites in the United States (Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Wisconsin). ADDM surveillance is conducted in two phases. The first phase involves review and abstraction of comprehensive evaluations that were completed by professional service providers in the community. Staff completing record review and abstraction receive extensive training and supervision and are evaluated according to strict reliability standards to certify effective initial training, identify ongoing training needs, and ensure adherence to the prescribed methodology. Record review and abstraction occurs in a variety of data sources ranging from general pediatric health clinics to specialized programs serving children with developmental disabilities. In addition, most of the ADDM sites also review records for children who have received special education services in public schools. In the second phase of the study, all abstracted information is reviewed systematically by experienced clinicians to determine ASD case status. A child is considered to meet the surveillance case definition for ASD if he or she displays behaviors, as described on one or more comprehensive evaluations completed by community-based professional providers, consistent with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) diagnostic criteria for autistic disorder; pervasive developmental disorder–not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS, including atypical autism); or Asperger disorder. This report provides updated ASD prevalence estimates for children aged 8 years during the 2014 surveillance year, on the basis of DSM-IV-TR criteria, and describes characteristics of the population of children with ASD. In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association published the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), which made considerable changes to ASD diagnostic criteria. The change in ASD diagnostic criteria might influence ADDM ASD prevalence estimates; therefore, most (85%) of the records used to determine prevalence estimates based on DSM-IV-TR criteria underwent additional review under a newly operationalized surveillance case definition for ASD consistent with the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Children meeting this new surveillance case definition could qualify on the basis of one or both of the following criteria, as documented in abstracted comprehensive evaluations: 1) behaviors consistent with the DSM-5 diagnostic features; and/or 2) an ASD diagnosis, whether based on DSM-IV-TR or DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Stratified comparisons of the number of children meeting either of these two case definitions also are reported. Results For 2014, the overall prevalence of ASD among the 11 ADDM sites was 16.8 per 1,000 (one in 59) children aged 8 years. Overall ASD prevalence estimates varied among sites, from 13.1–29.3 per 1,000 children aged 8 years. ASD prevalence estimates also varied by sex and race/ethnicity. Males were four times more likely than females to be identified with ASD. Prevalence estimates were higher for non-Hispanic white (henceforth, white) children compared with non-Hispanic black (henceforth, black) children, and both groups were more likely to be identified with ASD compared with Hispanic children. Among the nine sites with sufficient data on intellectual ability, 31% of children with ASD were classified in the range of intellectual disability (intelligence quotient [IQ] 85). The distribution of intellectual ability varied by sex and race/ethnicity. Although mention of developmental concerns by age 36 months was documented for 85% of children with ASD, only 42% had a comprehensive evaluation on record by age 36 months. The median age of earliest known ASD diagnosis was 52 months and did not differ significantly by sex or race/ethnicity. For the targeted comparison of DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 results, the number and characteristics of children meeting the newly operationalized DSM-5 case definition for ASD were similar to those meeting the DSM-IV-TR case definition, with DSM-IV-TR case counts exceeding DSM-5 counts by less than 5% and approximately 86% overlap between the two case definitions (kappa = 0.85). Interpretation Findings from the ADDM Network, on the basis of 2014 data reported from 11 sites, provide updated population-based estimates of the prevalence of ASD among children aged 8 years in multiple communities in the United States. The overall ASD prevalence estimate of 16.8 per 1,000 children aged 8 years in 2014 is higher than previously reported estimates from the ADDM Network. Because the ADDM sites do not provide a representative sample of the entire United States, the combined prevalence estimates presented in this report cannot be generalized to all children aged 8 years in the United States. Consistent with reports from previous ADDM surveillance years, findings from 2014 were marked by variation in ASD prevalence when stratified by geographic area, sex, and level of intellectual ability. Differences in prevalence estimates between black and white children have diminished in most sites, but remained notable for Hispanic children. For 2014, results from application of the DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 case definitions were similar, overall and when stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, DSM-IV-TR diagnostic subtype, or level of intellectual ability. Public Health Action Beginning with surveillance year 2016, the DSM-5 case definition will serve as the basis for ADDM estimates of ASD prevalence in future surveillance reports. Although the DSM-IV-TR case definition will eventually be phased out, it will be applied in a limited geographic area to offer additional data for comparison. Future analyses will examine trends in the continued use of DSM-IV-TR diagnoses, such as autistic disorder, PDD-NOS, and Asperger disorder in health and education records, documentation of symptoms consistent with DSM-5 terminology, and how these trends might influence estimates of ASD prevalence over time. The latest findings from the ADDM Network provide evidence that the prevalence of ASD is higher than previously reported estimates and continues to vary among certain racial/ethnic groups and communities. With prevalence of ASD ranging from 13.1 to 29.3 per 1,000 children aged 8 years in different communities throughout the United States, the need for behavioral, educational, residential, and occupational services remains high, as does the need for increased research on both genetic and nongenetic risk factors for ASD.
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              Snowball Sampling: A Purposeful Method of Sampling in Qualitative Research

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                reufsm
                Revista de Enfermagem da UFSM
                Rev. Enferm. UFSM
                Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (Santa Maria, RS, Brazil )
                2179-7692
                2022
                : 12
                : e32
                Affiliations
                [02] Florianópolis Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina Brazil
                [01] Chapecó Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade Federal da Fronteira Sul Brazil
                Article
                S2179-76922022000100222 S2179-7692(22)01200000222
                10.5902/2179769267733
                e829c8f3-86ad-4eaf-8b6d-63302718bd65

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 September 2021
                : 02 August 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Revista de Enfermagem

                Categories
                Artigo Original

                Relações Mãe-Filho,Isolamento Social,Transtorno Autístic,COVID-19,Saúde da Mulher,Relaciones Madre-Hijo,Aislamiento Social,Trastorno Autístico,Salud de la Mujer,Mother-Child Relations,Social Isolation,Autistic Disorder,Women’s Health

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