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      COVID-19 Unmasked Global Collaboration Protocol: longitudinal cohort study examining mental health of young children and caregivers during the pandemic Translated title: Protocolo de colaboración global COVID-19 desenmascarado: estudio de cohorte longitudinal que examina la salud mental de niños pequeños y cuidadores durante la pandemia Translated title: COVID-19 Unmasked全球合作协议:考查疫情期间幼儿和看护人心理健康的纵向队列研究

      research-article
      a , b , c , d , e , f , g , h , i , j , k ,
      European Journal of Psychotraumatology
      Taylor & Francis
      Infant, preschool, young child, adult, covid-19 pandemic, mental health, well-being, parenting, risk factors, global collaboration, lactante, preescolar, niño pequeño, adulto, pandemia de COVID-19, salud mental, bienestar, crianza de los hijos, factores de riesgo, colaboración global, 婴儿, 学龄前, 幼儿, 成人, COVID-19 疫情, 心理健康, 身心健康, 风险因素, 全球合作

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          ABSTRACT

          Background

          Early empirical data shows that school-aged children, adolescents and adults are experiencing elevated levels of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, there is very little research on mental health outcomes for young children.

          Objectives

          To describe the formation of a global collaboration entitled, ‘COVID-19 Unmasked . The collaborating researchers aim to (1) describe and compare the COVID-19 related experiences within and across countries; (2) examine mental health outcomes for young children (1 to 5 years) and caregivers over a 12-month period during the COVID-19 pandemic; (3) explore the trajectories/time course of psychological outcomes of the children and parents over this period and (4) identify the risk and protective factors for different mental health trajectories. Data will be combined from all participating countries into one large open access cross-cultural dataset to facilitate further international collaborations and joint publications.

          Methods

          COVID-19 Unmasked is an online prospective longitudinal cohort study. An international steering committee was formed with the aim of starting a global collaboration. Currently, partnerships have been formed with 9 countries (Australia, Cyprus, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Turkey, the UK, and the United States of America). Research partners have started to start data collection with caregivers of young children aged 1–5 years old at baseline, 3-months, 6-months, and 12-months. Caregivers are invited to complete an online survey about COVID-19 related exposure and experiences, child’s wellbeing, their own mental health, and parenting.

          Data analysis

          Primary study outcomes will be child mental health as assessed by scales from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System – Early Childhood (PROMIS-EC) and caregiver mental health as assessed by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). The trajectories/time course of mental health difficulties and the impact of risk and protective factors will be analysed using hierarchical linear models, accounting for nested effects (e.g. country) and repeated measures.

          HIGHLIGHTS

          • This article describes the formation of a global collaboration between 9 countries that are collecting data to examine mental health outcomes for young children (1 to 5 years) and caregivers over a 12-month period during the COVID-19 pandemic.

          Translated abstract

          Antecedentes: Los primeros datos empíricos muestran que los niños en edad escolar, los adolescentes y los adultos están experimentando niveles elevados de ansiedad y depresión durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Actualmente, hay muy poca investigación sobre los resultados de salud mental de los niños pequeños.

          Objetivos: Describir la formación de una colaboración global titulada ‘COVID-19 Desenmascarado’. Los investigadores colaboradores tienen como objetivos (1) describir y comparar las experiencias relacionadas con COVID-19 dentro y entre países; (2) examinar los resultados de salud mental de los niños pequeños (de 1 a 5 años) y los cuidadores durante un período de 12 meses durante la pandemia de COVID-19; (3) explorar las trayectorias/temporalidad de los resultados psicológicos de los niños y los padres durante este período e (4) identificar los factores de riesgo y de protección para las diferentes trayectorias de salud mental. Los datos de todos los países participantes se combinarán en un gran conjunto de datos transculturales de acceso abierto para facilitar más colaboraciones internacionales y publicaciones conjuntas.

          Métodos: COVID-19 Desenmascarado es un estudio de cohorte longitudinal prospectivo en línea. Se formó un comité directivo internacional con el objetivo de iniciar una colaboración global. Actualmente, se han formado asociaciones con 9 países (Australia, Chipre, Grecia, Países Bajos, Polonia, España, Turquía, Reino Unido y Estados Unidos de América). Los socios de investigación han comenzado la recopilación de datos con los cuidadores de niños pequeños de 1 a 5 años al inicio, a los 3 meses, a los 6 meses y a los 12 meses. Se invita a los cuidadores a completar una encuesta en línea sobre la exposición y las experiencias relacionadas con COVID-19, el bienestar del niño, su propia salud mental y parentalidad.

          Análisis de datos: Los resultados primarios del estudio serán la salud mental infantil según la evaluación de las escalas del Sistema De Información De medición de Resultados Informados Por El Paciente – Primera Infancia (PROMIS-EC) y la salud mental del cuidador según la evaluación de la Escala de estrés, ansiedad y depresión (DASS-21). Las trayectorias/temporalidad de las dificultades de salud mental y el impacto de los factores de riesgo y de protección se analizarán utilizando modelos lineales jerárquicos, teniendo en cuenta los efectos anidados (por ejemplo, el país) y las medidas repetidas.

          Translated abstract

          背景: 早期经验数据表明, 在 COVID-19 疫情期间, 学龄儿童, 青少年和成人的焦虑和抑郁水平升高。目前, 关于幼儿心理健康结果的研究很少。

          目的: 描述名为‘COVID-19 Unmasked’的全球合作的形成。合作研究者旨在 (1) 描述和比较国家内部和国家之间的COVID-19 相关经验; (2) 考查 COVID-19 疫情期间 12 个月中幼儿 (1 至 5 岁) 和看护人的心理健康结果; (3) 探索这一时期儿童和父母心理结果的轨迹/时间进程, 以及 (4) 确定不同心理健康轨迹的风险和保护因素。来自所有参与国的数据将合并为一个大型开放访问跨文化数据集, 以促进进一步的国际合作和联合出版。

          方法: COVID-19 Unmasked 是一项线上前瞻性纵向队列研究。成立了一个国际指导委员会, 旨在开展全球合作。目前, 已与9个国家 (澳大利亚, 塞浦路斯, 希腊, 荷兰, 波兰, 西班牙, 土耳其, 英国和美利坚合众国) 建立了伙伴关系。研究合作伙伴已开始在基线, 3 个月, 6 个月和 12 个月时与 1-5 岁幼儿看护人的数据收集。邀请看护人完成一项关于 COVID-19 相关暴露和经历, 儿童身心健康, 个人心理健康和教养方式的线上调查。

          数据分析: 主要研究结果将是根据患者报告结果测量信息系统——童年期早期 (PROMIS-EC) 的量表评估的儿童心理健康和由抑郁焦虑应激量表 (DASS-21) 评估的看护人心理健康。将使用考虑嵌套效应 (例如国家) 和重复测量的分层线性模型分析心理健康困难的轨迹/时间进程以及风险和保护因素的影响。

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          Most cited references64

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          Research electronic data capture (REDCap)--a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support.

          Research electronic data capture (REDCap) is a novel workflow methodology and software solution designed for rapid development and deployment of electronic data capture tools to support clinical and translational research. We present: (1) a brief description of the REDCap metadata-driven software toolset; (2) detail concerning the capture and use of study-related metadata from scientific research teams; (3) measures of impact for REDCap; (4) details concerning a consortium network of domestic and international institutions collaborating on the project; and (5) strengths and limitations of the REDCap system. REDCap is currently supporting 286 translational research projects in a growing collaborative network including 27 active partner institutions.
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            The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence

            Summary The December, 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak has seen many countries ask people who have potentially come into contact with the infection to isolate themselves at home or in a dedicated quarantine facility. Decisions on how to apply quarantine should be based on the best available evidence. We did a Review of the psychological impact of quarantine using three electronic databases. Of 3166 papers found, 24 are included in this Review. Most reviewed studies reported negative psychological effects including post-traumatic stress symptoms, confusion, and anger. Stressors included longer quarantine duration, infection fears, frustration, boredom, inadequate supplies, inadequate information, financial loss, and stigma. Some researchers have suggested long-lasting effects. In situations where quarantine is deemed necessary, officials should quarantine individuals for no longer than required, provide clear rationale for quarantine and information about protocols, and ensure sufficient supplies are provided. Appeals to altruism by reminding the public about the benefits of quarantine to wider society can be favourable.
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              The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies.

              Much biomedical research is observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalisability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September, 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles.18 items are common to all three study designs and four are specific for cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional studies.A detailed explanation and elaboration document is published separately and is freely available on the websites of PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of observational studies
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Eur J Psychotraumatol
                Eur J Psychotraumatol
                European Journal of Psychotraumatology
                Taylor & Francis
                2000-8198
                2000-8066
                6 August 2021
                2021
                : 12
                : 1
                : 1940760
                Affiliations
                [a ]Queensland Centre for Perinatal and Infant Mental Health (QCPIMH), Children’s Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service (CHQ, HHS); , Brisbane, Australia
                [b ]School of Psychology, Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland (UQ); , Brisbane, Australia
                [c ]Child and Community Wellbeing Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne; , Melbourne, Australia
                [d ]Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw; , Poland
                [e ]Child and Adolescent Mental Health Department, Şişli Etfal Hamidiye Research and Training Hospital; , Istanbul, Turkey
                [f ]Department of Psychology, Istanbul Rumeli University; , Istanbul, Turkey
                [g ]Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh; , Scotland, UK
                [h ]Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University; , Utrecht, The Netherlands
                [i ]Psychology Program, University of Nicosia; , Nicosia, Cyprus
                [j ]College of Medicine, UK Healthcare, University of Kentucky; , Lexington, KYUSA
                [k ]Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya; , Barcelona, Spain
                Author notes
                CONTACT Alexandra C. De Young alex.deyoung@ 123456health.qld.gov.au Queensland Centre for Perinatal and Infant Mental Health, Children’s Health Queensland; , 31-33 Robinson Road, Nundah, QLD 4012, Australia
                [*]

                COVID-19 Unmasked Global Collaboration

                The following authors are members of the COVID-19 Unmasked Global Collaboration: Australia: Eva Alisic, Vanessa Cobham, Caroline Donavon, Elisabeth Hoehn, Sonja March, Christel Middeldorp, Rebecca S Paterson; Cyprus and Greece: Petropoulos Andreas, Chrysanthi Lioupi, Matteo Lioupis, Philippidou Maria-Anna, Kostas Messas, Ioannis Syros; Poland: Andrzej Cudo, Małgorzata Gambin, Alicja Grudowska, Grażyna Kmita, Karolina Kubicka, Katarzyna Lubiewska, Alicja Niedźwiecka, Ewa Pisula, Małgorzata Woźniak-Prus; Spain: Sandra Simó; the Netherlands: Trudy Mooren, Willemijn van Eldik, Anneloes van Baar, Paul Boelen, Mariken Spuij; Turkey: Zeynep Seda Albayrak; UK: Karen Goodall; United States of America: Seetha H. Davis, Aimee Hildenbrand, Ashley McGar, Alisa B. Miller, Rachel Wamser.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3093-427X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6575-0860
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4486-0734
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4698-2367
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6718-1721
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-6559
                Article
                1940760
                10.1080/20008198.2021.1940760
                8354018
                34394856
                e83f0c75-e521-4d2f-9647-b7d037f38941
                © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 1, References: 68, Pages: 1
                Categories
                Research Article
                Study Protocol

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                infant,preschool,young child,adult,covid-19 pandemic,mental health,well-being,parenting,risk factors,global collaboration,lactante,preescolar,niño pequeño,adulto,pandemia de covid-19,salud mental,bienestar,crianza de los hijos,factores de riesgo,colaboración global,婴儿,学龄前,幼儿,成人,covid-19 疫情,心理健康,身心健康,风险因素,全球合作

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