Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for cryptococcal meningitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy: a prospective, multicenter, randomized study.

A prospective, multicenter, randomized study was conducted with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients who were successfully treated for acute cryptococcal meningitis, were receiving secondary prophylaxis, and were naive for antiretroviral therapy. Patients were randomized to continue or discontinue secondary prophylaxis when the CD4 cell count had increased to >100 cells/microL and an undetectable HIV RNA level had been sustained for 3 months. At a median of 48 weeks after randomization, there were no episodes of cryptococcal meningitis in either group.