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      Q&A: modern crop breeding for future food security

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      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 1 ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: BMC Biology
      Publisher: BioMed Central

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          Abstract

          Farmers around the world have recently experienced significant crop losses due to severe heat and drought. Such extreme weather events and the need to feed a rapidly growing population have raised concerns for global food security. While plant breeding has been very successful and has delivered today’s highly productive crop varieties, the rate of genetic improvement must double to meet the projected future demands. Here we discuss basic principles and features of crop breeding and how modern technologies could efficiently be explored to boost crop improvement in the face of increasingly challenging production conditions.

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          Rising temperatures reduce global wheat production

          S. Asseng, F. Ewert, P. Martre … (2015)
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            Efficient DNA-free genome editing of bread wheat using CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes

            Zhen Liang, Kunling Chen, Tingdong Li … (2017)
            Substantial efforts are being made to optimize the CRISPR/Cas9 system for precision crop breeding. The avoidance of transgene integration and reduction of off-target mutations are the most important targets for optimization. Here, we describe an efficient genome editing method for bread wheat using CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). Starting from RNP preparation, the whole protocol takes only seven to nine weeks, with four to five independent mutants produced from 100 immature wheat embryos. Deep sequencing reveals that the chance of off-target mutations in wheat cells is much lower in RNP mediated genome editing than in editing with CRISPR/Cas9 DNA. Consistent with this finding, no off-target mutations are detected in the mutant plants. Because no foreign DNA is used in CRISPR/Cas9 RNP mediated genome editing, the mutants obtained are completely transgene free. This method may be widely applicable for producing genome edited crop plants and has a good prospect of being commercialized.
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              Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago in northeastern Jordan

              Amaia Arranz-Otaegui, Lara González Carretero, Monica Ramsey … (2018)
              Significance Despite being one of the most important foodstuffs consumed in the modern world, the origins of bread are still largely unknown. Here we report the earliest empirical evidence for the preparation of bread-like products by Natufian hunter-gatherers, 4,000 years before the emergence of the Neolithic agricultural way of life. The discovery of charred food remains has allowed for the reconstruction of the chaîne opératoire for the early production of bread-like products. Our results suggest the use of the wild ancestors of domesticated cereals (e.g. wild einkorn) and club-rush tubers to produce flat bread-like products. Cereal-based meals such as bread probably become staples when Neolithic farmers started to rely on the cultivation of domesticated cereal species for their subsistence.
              Article 0 comments Cited 67 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Kai P. Voss-Fels: k.vossfels@uq.edu.au
                Andreas Stahl: Andreas.Stahl@agrar.uni-giessen.de
                Lee T. Hickey: l.hickey@uq.edu.au
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Biol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Biol
                Title: BMC Biology
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1741-7007
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 February 2019
                Publication date PMC-release: 25 February 2019
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Volume: 17
                Electronic Location Identifier: 18
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9320 7537, GRID grid.1003.2, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, , The University of Queensland, ; St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2165 8627, GRID grid.8664.c, Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, , Justus Liebig University, ; Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
                Article
                Publisher ID: 638
                DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0638-4
                PMC ID: 6390336
                PubMed ID: 30803435
                SO-VID: e86d3191-7054-4646-835b-734d6706c0a1
                Copyright © © The Author(s). 2019
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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                Subject: Question and Answer
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                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2019

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences

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