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      Feeding Delivery of dsHvSnf7 Is a Promising Method for Management of the Pest Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

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          Abstract

          RNA interference (RNAi) techniques have emerged as powerful tools in the development of novel management strategies for the control of insect pests, such as Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, which is a major solanaceous pest in Asia. Our results showed that levels of HvSnf7 expression were greater in larval midguts than in other tissues. Silencing of HvSnf7 led to greater H. vigintioctopunctata mortality rates and appeared to be time- and partially dose-dependent. Bacterially expressed dsHvSnf7 that was applied to detached plant leaves caused 98, 88, and 60% mortality in 1st and 3rd instars, and adults after 10, 12, and 14 d, respectively; when applied to living plants, bacterially expressed dsHvSnf7 led to mortality in 1st and 3rd instars, with no effect on adults. Bacterially expressed dsHvSnf7 led to improved plant protection against H. vigintioctopunctata. Ultrastructural changes caused by HvSnf7-RNAi in larval midguts showed extensive loss of cellular contents that indicate loss of membrane integrity. This study indicate that HvSnf7 potentially can be used as RNAi target gene for controlling of H. vigintioctopunctata.

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          Control of coleopteran insect pests through RNA interference.

          James Baum, Thierry Bogaert, William Jefferson Clinton … (2007)
          Commercial biotechnology solutions for controlling lepidopteran and coleopteran insect pests on crops depend on the expression of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins, most of which permeabilize the membranes of gut epithelial cells of susceptible insects. However, insect control strategies involving a different mode of action would be valuable for managing the emergence of insect resistance. Toward this end, we demonstrate that ingestion of double-stranded (ds)RNAs supplied in an artificial diet triggers RNA interference in several coleopteran species, most notably the western corn rootworm (WCR) Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. This may result in larval stunting and mortality. Transgenic corn plants engineered to express WCR dsRNAs show a significant reduction in WCR feeding damage in a growth chamber assay, suggesting that the RNAi pathway can be exploited to control insect pests via in planta expression of a dsRNA.
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            RNA interference in Lepidoptera: an overview of successful and unsuccessful studies and implications for experimental design.

            Olle Terenius, Alexie Papanicolaou, Jennie Garbutt … (2011)
            Gene silencing through RNA interference (RNAi) has revolutionized the study of gene function, particularly in non-model insects. However, in Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) RNAi has many times proven to be difficult to achieve. Most of the negative results have been anecdotal and the positive experiments have not been collected in such a way that they are possible to analyze. In this review, we have collected detailed data from more than 150 experiments including all to date published and many unpublished experiments. Despite a large variation in the data, trends that are found are that RNAi is particularly successful in the family Saturniidae and in genes involved in immunity. On the contrary, gene expression in epidermal tissues seems to be most difficult to silence. In addition, gene silencing by feeding dsRNA requires high concentrations for success. Possible causes for the variability of success in RNAi experiments in Lepidoptera are discussed. The review also points to a need to further investigate the mechanism of RNAi in lepidopteran insects and its possible connection to the innate immune response. Our general understanding of RNAi in Lepidoptera will be further aided in the future as our public database at http://insectacentral.org/RNAi will continue to gather information on RNAi experiments. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Membrane scission by the ESCRT-III complex.

              Thomas Wollert, Christian Wunder, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz … (2009)
              The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) system is essential for multivesicular body biogenesis, in which cargo sorting is coupled to the invagination and scission of intralumenal vesicles. The ESCRTs are also needed for budding of enveloped viruses including human immunodeficiency virus 1, and for membrane abscission in cytokinesis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ESCRT-III consists of Vps20, Snf7, Vps24 and Vps2 (also known as Did4), which assemble in that order and require the ATPase Vps4 for their disassembly. In this study, the ESCRT-III-dependent budding and scission of intralumenal vesicles into giant unilamellar vesicles was reconstituted and visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Here we show that three subunits of ESCRT-III, Vps20, Snf7 and Vps24, are sufficient to detach intralumenal vesicles. Vps2, the ESCRT-III subunit responsible for recruiting Vps4, and the ATPase activity of Vps4 were required for ESCRT-III recycling and supported additional rounds of budding. The minimum set of ESCRT-III and Vps4 proteins capable of multiple cycles of vesicle detachment corresponds to the ancient set of ESCRT proteins conserved from archaea to animals.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Insects
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Insects
                Journal ID (publisher-id): insects
                Title: Insects
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2075-4450
                Publication date (Electronic): 31 December 2019
                Publication date Collection: January 2020
                Volume: 11
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: 34
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; 13556143025@ 123456stu.scau.edu.cn (J.L.); liuzhuoqi@ 123456stu.scau.edu.cn (Z.L.); gwei8290@ 123456stu.scau.edu.cn (W.G.); 13265915482@ 123456stu.scau.edu.cn (M.G.); smchen@ 123456stu.scau.edu.cn (S.C.)
                [2 ]Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education and South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
                [3 ]State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; hualili@ 123456scau.edu.cn (H.L.); yangchunxiao@ 123456scau.edu.cn (C.Y.)
                [4 ]Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3508-6695
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2299-5980
                Article
                Publisher ID: insects-11-00034
                DOI: 10.3390/insects11010034
                PMC ID: 7022289
                PubMed ID: 31906124
                SO-VID: e88acc2a-0bed-4c5f-b360-4a1a01ee0c68
                Copyright statement: © 2019 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 16 December 2019
                Date accepted : 30 December 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata,hvsnf7,feeding rnai,mortality,ultrastructural change
                Data availability:
                Keywords: henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, hvsnf7, feeding rnai, mortality, ultrastructural change

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