Estrategias cognitivas para afrontar situaciones de acoso/ciberacoso: diferencias entre chicos y chicas  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Cognitive strategies to cope with bullying/cyberbullying situations: differences between males and females </span>

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Abstract

Resumen La violencia entre iguales provoca un impacto negativo sobre la salud de los adolescentes implicados. Entre los factores que han mostrado evidencias para predecir la realización y el sufrimiento de conductas agresivas, se encuentran las estrategias de afrontamiento cognitivo-emocional. Sin embargo, en contextos de acoso y ciberacoso pocos estudios han analizado el papel de estas estrategias y, aún menos, de manera separada para chicos y chicas. Por ello, este estudio planteó dos objetivos: analizar las diferencias por sexo en agresión y victimización en acoso y ciberacoso, así como en el uso de las estrategias de afrontamiento; y explorar cuáles son las estrategias que mejor predicen la victimización y agresión en ambas situaciones de manera separada para chicos y chicas. Una muestra de 1904 adolescentes completó tres cuestionarios que evaluaban el acoso, el ciberacoso y las estrategias de afrontamiento cognitivo. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas por sexo en agresión, victimización, ciberagresión y en cinco estrategias. Además, los resultados de las regresiones indicaron que, por ejemplo, la estrategia de culpar a otros fue una de las que mejor predijo la agresión y victimización en acoso y ciberacoso en chicos y chicas. Por último, se discuten las limitaciones e implicaciones derivadas de este estudio.

Translated abstract

Abstract Peer violence has a negative impact on involved adolescents' health. One of the factors that has shown evidence to predict the performance and suffering of aggressive behaviours are cognitive emotional coping strategies. Nevertheless, in bullying and cyberbullying contexts, there are few studies that have analysed the role of these strategies and, even less, separately for boys and girls. Therefore, this study had two objectives: to analyse sex differences on aggression and victimisation in bullying and cyberbullying situations as well on the use of cognitive coping strategies, and to explore which coping strategies best predict victimisation and aggression in both situations separately for boys and girls. A sample of 1,904 adolescents participated by filling out three questionnaires assessing bullying, cyberbullying, and cognitive coping strategies. The results showed significant sex differences in aggression, victimisation, cyberaggression, and in five strategies. Moreover, the outcomes of regression analysis reported that, for instance, other-blame strategy was one of those that best predicted aggression and victimisation in bullying and cyberbullying in boys and girls. Finally, limitations and implications derived of this study are discussed.

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Cyberbullying: its nature and impact in secondary school pupils.

Peter K. Smith, Jess Mahdavi, Manuel Carvalho … (2008)

Cyberbullying describes bullying using mobile phones and the internet. Most previous studies have focused on the prevalence of text message and email bullying. Two surveys with pupils aged 11-16 years: (1) 92 pupils from 14 schools, supplemented by focus groups; (2) 533 pupils from 5 schools, to assess the generalisability of findings from the first study, and investigate relationships of cyberbullying to general internet use. Both studies differentiated cyberbullying inside and outside of school, and 7 media of cyberbullying. Both studies found cyberbullying less frequent than traditional bullying, but appreciable, and reported more outside of school than inside. Phone call and text message bullying were most prevalent, with instant messaging bullying in the second study; their impact was perceived as comparable to traditional bullying. Mobile phone/video clip bullying, while rarer, was perceived to have more negative impact. Age and gender differences varied between the two studies. Study 1 found that most cyberbullying was done by one or a few students, usually from the same year group. It often just lasted about a week, but sometimes much longer. The second study found that being a cybervictim, but not a cyberbully, correlated with internet use; many cybervictims were traditional 'bully-victims'. Pupils recommended blocking/avoiding messages, and telling someone, as the best coping strategies; but many cybervictims had told nobody about it. Cyberbullying is an important new kind of bullying, with some different characteristics from traditional bullying. Much happens outside school. Implications for research and practical action are discussed.