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      Sarcopenia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A study of prevalence and associated factors in the Southeast Asian population

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          Abstract

          Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been described as a systemic disease. Sarcopenia is one of the systemic effects that is related to several adverse outcomes. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia and to determine the factors associated with sarcopenia in COPD patients in Southeast Asia. This was a cross-sectional study of COPD patients who attended a COPD clinic from May 2015 to December 2016. Baseline characteristics were collected and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure skeletal muscle mass. Handgrip strength was used to assess muscle strength, and as a measurement of physical performance, the 6-min walk distance was used. One hundred and twenty-one participants were recruited. Most of them were men (92.6%). Prevalence of sarcopenia was 24% (29 cases). Independent factors associated with sarcopenia were age 75 years (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 13.3, severity of COPD (AOR 19.2 and 13.4 for moderate and severe COPD), Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) scale (AOD 1.9), and obesity (AOR 0.04). Sarcopenia affects about one-quarter of COPD patients. Age, severity of COPD, MMRC scale, and BMI status were the factors associated with sarcopenia.

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          Prevalence and Determinant Factors of Sarcopenia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

          OBJECTIVE We examined prevalence of sarcopenia in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes and compared body compositional parameters between subjects with and without type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS) included 810 subjects (414 patients with diabetes and 396 control subjects) who were examined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Prevalence of sarcopenia was defined using the skeletal muscle index (SMI). RESULTS Prevalence in patients with diabetes and in the control group was 15.7 and 6.9%, respectively. In both men and women, SMI values were significantly decreased in patients with diabetes compared with subjects without diabetes. Furthermore, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that type 2 diabetes was independently associated with sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS Type 2 diabetes was associated with increased risk of sarcopenia. These characteristics may contribute to physical disability and metabolic disorders in older adults with diabetes.
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            Predictors of skeletal muscle mass in elderly men and women.

            Elderly men and women lose muscle mass and strength with increasing age. Decreased physical activity, hormones, malnutrition and chronic disease have been identified as factors contributing to this loss. There are few data, however, for their multivariate associations with muscle mass and strength. This study analyzes these associations in a cross-sectional sample of elderly people from the New Mexico Aging Process Study. Data collected in 1994 for 121 male and 180 female volunteers aged 65-97 years of age enrolled in The New Mexico Aging Process Study were analyzed. Body composition was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; dietary intake from 3 day food records; usual physical activity by questionnaire; health status from annual physical examinations; and serum testosterone, estrone, sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF1) from radioimmunoassays of fasting blood samples. Statistical analyses included partial correlation and stepwise multiple regression. The muscle mass and strength (adjusted for knee height) decreased with increasing age in both sexes. The muscle mass was significantly associated with serum free-testosterone, physical activity, cardiovascular disease, and IGF1 in the men. In the women, the muscle mass was significantly associated with total fat mass and physical activity. Age was not associated significantly with muscle mass after controlling for these variables. Grip strength was associated with age independent of muscle mass in both sexes. Estrogen (endogenous and exogenous) was not associated with muscle mass or strength in women. Age-related loss of muscle mass and strength occurs in relatively healthy, well-nourished elderly men and women and has a multifactorial basis. Sex hormone status is an important factor in men but not in women. Physical activity is an important predictor of muscle mass in both sexes.
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              Quality of life in sarcopenia and frailty.

              The reduced muscle mass and impaired muscle performance that define sarcopenia in older individuals are associated with increased risk of physical limitation and a variety of chronic diseases. They may also contribute to clinical frailty. A gradual erosion of quality of life (QoL) has been evidenced in these individuals, although much of this research has been done using generic QoL instruments, particularly the SF-36, which may not be ideal in older populations with significant comorbidities. This review and report of an expert meeting presents the current definitions of these geriatric syndromes (sarcopenia and frailty). It then briefly summarizes QoL concepts and specificities in older populations and examines the relevant domains of QoL and what is known concerning QoL decline with these conditions. It calls for a clearer definition of the construct of disability, argues that a disease-specific QoL instrument for sarcopenia/frailty would be an asset for future research, and discusses whether there are available and validated components that could be used to this end and whether the psychometric properties of these instruments are sufficiently tested. It calls also for an approach using utility weighting to provide some cost estimates and suggests that a time trade-off study could be appropriate.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Chron Respir Dis
                Chron Respir Dis
                CRD
                spcrd
                Chronic Respiratory Disease
                SAGE Publications (Sage UK: London, England )
                1479-9723
                1479-9731
                29 November 2017
                August 2018
                : 15
                : 3
                : 250-257
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
                [2 ]Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
                [3 ]Division of Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
                [4 ]Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
                [5 ]Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
                Author notes
                [*]Panita Limpawattana, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. Email: lpanit@ 123456kku.ac.th
                Article
                10.1177_1479972317743759
                10.1177/1479972317743759
                6100162
                29186972
                e8b8c9bf-6f68-492b-9ea9-a409b67086b3
                © The Author(s) 2017

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                : 27 June 2017
                : 20 October 2017
                Categories
                Original Papers

                Respiratory medicine
                airway obstruction,body composition,fat-free mass index,lung disease,skeletal muscle mass

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