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      Relación entre la práctica deportiva en Clubes Deportivos y la mejora del control de la impulsividad en escolares Translated title: Relationship between the practice of sports in Sports Clubs and the improvement of impulsivity control in scholars Translated title: Relação entre a prática do desporto nos Clubes Desportivos e a melhoria do controlo da impulsividade nos estudiosos

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN La práctica regular de Actividad Física Deportiva (en adelante AFD) tiene efectos beneficiosos a nivel físico y cognitivo. Trabajos recientes han encontrado influencia entre la práctica de AFD y la mejora en memoria, en rendimiento académico, en autoestima, en atención y en Funciones Ejecutivas. En el presente trabajo de corte comparativo han participado 110 estudiantes de Educación Primaria y de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de las localidades de Ourense y Málaga, con edades comprendidas entre 8 y 14 años (M=10,89; DT=1,54). Los estudiantes se asignaron a diferentes grupos: estudiantes que practican AFD federados en clubes deportivos a nivel competitivo o AFD-F (n= 37), estudiantes que practican AFD en horario extraescolar en los centros educativos o AFD-C (n=37) y un grupo de estudiantes que no practicaban ningún tipo de AFD o No-AFD (n=36). Los resultados muestran la modulación de la AFD en diferentes modalidades de inhibición, comparando estudiantes que practican y los que no practican AFD (en línea con trabajos previos). Por otra parte, se ha analizado si la modalidad de AFD (AFD-F vs. AFD-C) contribuye al desarrollo diferencial de algunos componentes inhibitorios. Los resultados muestran que la AFD en ambos grupos (AFD-F y AFD-C) mejora el control atencional y el control inhibitorio, evidenciando similares resultados en la habilidad para cumplir las reglas, en la precisión en la búsqueda visual y en la flexibilidad cognitiva. Sin embargo, hemos encontrado que la práctica de AFD-F mejora los índices en el control de la impulsividad en comparación con la práctica de AFD-C.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The regular practice of Sports Physical Activity (hereinafter SPA) has beneficial effects at a physical and cognitive level. Recent works have found improvement in memory, in academic performance, in self-esteem, in attention and in Executive Functions. In this comparative study, a sample of 110 students of Primary and Secondary Education from Ourense and Málaga (Spain) between the ages of 8 and 14 years was used (M=10,89; SD=1,54). The participants were assigned to three groups: students who practice federated physical-sports activity in sports clubs at a competitive level or SPA-F (n=37), students who practice physical-sports activity in out-of-school hours in schools or SPA-C (n=37) and a group of students who did not practice any type of physical-sports activity Not-SPA (n=36). The results show the modulation of SPA in different inhibition modes, comparing students who do not practice SPA and those who practice SPA, in line with previous work. In a second step, we analysed whether the SPA modality, that is, whether it is developed in a sports club and therefore the students are federated (SPA -F) or whether it is developed in the school's extracurricular activities (SPA-C), contributes to the differential development of inhibition. The results show that SPA, regardless of where they carry out the activity, improves some components of EF such as attentional control, inhibitory control, showing similar results in the ability to follow the rules, in the precision in the visual search and in the cognitive flexibility. However, we have found that SPA-F practice improves impulsivity control rates compared to SPA-C practice.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO A prática regular da Actividade Física Desportiva (adiante designada por AFD) tem efeitos benéficos a nível físico e cognitivo. Na última década tem havido um interesse crescente em determinar como as capacidades cognitivas são beneficiadas pelo exercício físico, e neste sentido foram encontradas melhorias na memória, desempenho académico, auto-estima, atenção e funções executivas a partir da prática regular da AFD. Neste estudo estudo comparativo, foi utilizada uma amostra de 110 estudantes do Ensino Primário e Secundário de Ourense e Málaga (Espanha) entre os 8 e 14 anos de idade (M=10,89; DT=1,54). Os participantes foram distribuídos por três grupos: estudantes que praticam actividade físico-desportiva federada em clubes desportivos a nível competitivo ou AFD-F (n=37), estudantes que praticam actividade físico-desportiva em horário extra-escolar nas escolas ou AFD-C (n=37) e um grupo de estudantes que não praticam qualquer tipo de actividade físico-desportiva Não AFD (n=36). Os resultados mostram que o AFD em ambos os grupos (AFD-F e AFD-C) melhora alguns componentes do FE como o controlo atencional, o controlo inibitório, mostrando resultados semelhantes na capacidade de cumprir as regras, na precisão da pesquisa visual e na flexibilidade cognitiva. Contudo, descobrimos que a prática da AFD-F melhora os índices no controlo da impulsividade em comparação com a prática da AFD-C.

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          Executive Functions

          Executive functions (EFs) make possible mentally playing with ideas; taking the time to think before acting; meeting novel, unanticipated challenges; resisting temptations; and staying focused. Core EFs are inhibition [response inhibition (self-control—resisting temptations and resisting acting impulsively) and interference control (selective attention and cognitive inhibition)], working memory, and cognitive flexibility (including creatively thinking “outside the box,” seeing anything from different perspectives, and quickly and flexibly adapting to changed circumstances). The developmental progression and representative measures of each are discussed. Controversies are addressed (e.g., the relation between EFs and fluid intelligence, self-regulation, executive attention, and effortful control, and the relation between working memory and inhibition and attention). The importance of social, emotional, and physical health for cognitive health is discussed because stress, lack of sleep, loneliness, or lack of exercise each impair EFs. That EFs are trainable and can be improved with practice is addressed, including diverse methods tried thus far.
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            Specific impairments of planning.

            T Shallice (1982)
            An information-processing model is outlined that predicts that performance on non-routine tasks can be impaired independently of performance on routine tasks. The model is related to views on frontal lobe functions, particularly those of Luria. Two methods of obtaining more rigorous tests of the model are discussed. One makes use of ideas from artificial intelligence to derive a task heavily loaded on planning abilities. A group of patients with left anterior lesions has a specific deficit on the task. Subsidiary investigations support the inference that this is a planning impairment.
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              Hot and Cool Executive Function in Childhood and Adolescence: Development and Plasticity

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpd
                Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte
                CPD
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Región de Murcia, Spain )
                1578-8423
                1989-5879
                April 2021
                : 21
                : 1
                : 179-191
                Affiliations
                [2] Vigo Galicia orgnameUniversidade de Vigo Spain
                [1] Málaga Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Málaga Spain
                Article
                S1578-84232021000100179 S1578-8423(21)02100100179
                e8d73e66-c377-4583-92a5-95124f1dd3d4

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 July 2020
                : 29 October 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Psicología del Deporte

                Atención Selectiva,Inhibición,Funciones Ejecutivas,Práctica deportiva competitiva,Selective Attention,Impulsividade,Atenção Selectiva,Inibição,Funções Executivas,Inhibition,Prática Desportiva Competitiva,Impulsivity,Executive Functions,Competitive Sports Practice,Impulsividad

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