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      Cinemeducation in clinical pharmacology: the case of pharmaco-vigilance and adverse drug reactions Translated title: Cinema-educación en farmacología clínica: el caso de la farmacovigilancia y las reacciones adversas a medicamentos

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT The use of commercial films in medical education is an increasingly widespread pedagogical resource, and particularly the Cinemeducation method provides a theoretical basis as well as documented background on this pedagogical innovation. In this paper, we propose the use of a commercial film for teaching pharmacology, particularly pharmacovigilance and adverse effects of drugs, topics that are usually very complex for medical students. The rigorous method followed in the choice of the film and its scenes is detailed, as well as the methodological sequence of its use in class. The selected film, La fille de Brest by Emmanuelle Bercot, is based on the true story of Irène Frachon, a French doctor who begins to detect cases of cardiotoxicity associated with the consumption of a drug and undertakes a legal battle against the pharmaceutical company that produces and distributes it. The film reveals in detail the epidemiological study carried out at Brest Hospital and also the role of safety, pharmacovigilance and public health agencies in a complex plot that allows key aspects of pharmacovigilance to be discussed with medical students.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN El uso de películas comerciales en la educación médica es un recurso pedagógico cada vez más extendido, y particularmente el método de Cinema-educación proporciona tanto una base teórica como antecedentes documentados sobre esta forma de innovación pedagógica. En esta ocasión, proponemos la utilización de una película comercial para la enseñanza de la farmacología, particularmente de la farmacovigilancia y los efectos indeseabless de los medicamentos, temas que suelen ser muy complejos para estudiantes de Medicina. Se detalla el método riguroso de selección del film y sus escenas, así como la secuencia metodológica de su utilización en clase. La película elegida, La doctora de Brest (2016) de Emmanuelle Bercot, se basa en la historia real de Irène Frachon, una médica francesa que comienza a detectar casos de cardiotoxicidad asociados al consumo de un medicamento y libra una batalla judicial contra la compañía farmacéutica que lo produce y comercializa. El film revela en detalle el estudio epidemiológico llevado a cabo en el Hospital de Brest y también el papel de las agencias de seguridad, farmacovigilancia y salud pública en una trama compleja que permite debatir con los estudiantes de Medicina aspectos clave de la farmacovigilancia.

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          A systematic review and thematic analysis of cinema in medical education.

          The use of cinema in medical education has the potential to teach students about a variety of subjects, for instance by illustrating a lecture on communication skills with a clip of Sir Lancelot Spratt (Doctor In The House, 1954) demonstrating a paternalistic, doctor-centred approach to medicine or nurturing an ethical discussion around palliative care and dying using the cinematic adaptation of American playwright Margaret Edson's Wit (2001). Much has been written about this teaching method across several medical academic disciplines. It is the aim of this review to assimilate the various experiences in order to gain an insight into current expertise. The results are presented by the following headings under which the articles were examined: the source journal, year of publication, article type, theme, content, target, authors, if a clip or the entire film was used, and if any feedback was documented. This is followed by a chronological account of the development of the literature. Such an approach will allow the reader to gather specific information and contextualise it. This review does not critically appraise the quality of the evidence nor does it determine its validity, rather it is hoped that having read the review educators will know where to locate previous accounts of work that will help them develop more engaging pedagogy.
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            Cinemeducation: A pilot student project using movies to help students learn medical professionalism.

            Using movies has been accepted worldwide as a tool to help students learn medical professionalism. In the second year, a group of medical students conducted the "Cinemeducation" project to promote professionalism in the "Medical Ethics and Critical Thinking" course. Five movies with professionalism issues were screened with 20-30 students attending each session. After the show, participants then were asked to reflect on what they had learned in terms of professionalism. Two students led group discussion emphasizing questioning and argumentation for 60 min. Additional learning issues emerging from each session were also explored in more depth and arranged into a report. In the Cinemeducation Project, medical students have learned five main ethical issues in each film, which were the doctor-patient relationship, informed consent and clinical trials in patients, management of genetic disorders, patient management, and brain death and organ transplantation. In addition to issues of professionalism, they also developed critical thinking and moral reasoning skills. Using a case-based scenario in movies has proven to be an effective and entertaining method of facilitating students with learning on professionalism.
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              The current landscape of television and movies in medical education

              Background Using commercially available television and movies is a potentially effective tool to foster humanistic, compassionate and person-centred orientations in medical students. Aim We reviewed pedagogical applications of television and movies in medical education to explore whether and why this innovation holds promise. Methods We performed a literature review to provide a narrative summary on this topic. Results Further studies are needed with richer descriptions of innovations and more rigorous research designs. Conclusion As we move toward evidence-informed education, we need an evidence- based examination of this topic that will move it beyond a ‘show and tell’ discussion toward meaningful implementation and evaluation. Further exploration regarding the theoretical basis for using television and movies in medical education will help substantiate continued efforts to use these media as teaching tools. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: 10.1007/s40037-015-0205-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rmc
                Revista de Medicina y Cine
                Rev Med Cine
                Universidad de Salamanca (Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain )
                1885-5210
                December 2020
                : 16
                : 4
                : 307-314
                Affiliations
                [1] Vic orgnameUniversitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya orgdiv1Bioethics Chair Spain
                [4] Barcelona orgnameUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona orgdiv1Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology orgdiv2Clinical Pharmacology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital Spain
                [3] Barcelona orgnameUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona orgdiv1School of Medicine Spain
                [2] Barcelona Cataluña orgnameUniversitat Pompeu Fabra orgdiv1School of Health and Life Sciences Spain
                [5] Vic orgnameUniversitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya orgdiv1School of Medicine Spain
                Article
                S1885-52102020000400008 S1885-5210(20)01600400008
                10.14201/rmc2020164307314
                e8db4e5e-212a-48a4-b05b-42f806c45ec3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 March 2020
                : 08 April 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originals

                pharmacovigilance,adverse drug reactions,pharmacology,education,cinemeducation,farmacovigilancia,reacciones adversas a medicamentos,farmacología,educación,cinema-educación

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