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      GENERICITY AND THE INTERPRETATION OF THE COPULAS BY SPANISH-SPEAKING CHILDREN Translated title: LA GENERICIDAD Y LA INTERPRETACIÓN DE LAS CÓPULAS EN EL ESPAÑOL INFANTIL

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          Abstract

          In Spanish the copulas ser and estar correlate with generic and specific interpretations, respectively. Likewise, both adjective types (scalar vs. non-scalar) and animacy of the sentential subject have been found to impact generic vs. specific interpretations in speakers. The current study extends upon previous research by investigating the interplay between copula, adjective type, and animacy in children's ability to access the generic vs. specific readings of the two copulas. The results of two comprehension experiments indicate that children treat the two copulas differently, associating ser + adjective constructions to generic interpretations significantly more often than they do for estar + adjective constructions. Nevertheless, the results also show that children do not reach adult levels on their interpretation of estar + adjective constructions. Instead, children's performance also depends on adjective type (scalar vs. non-scalar) and animacy of the subject. The results suggest that children have knowledge of the generic and existential interpretations associated with ser and estar, but that, in addition, they use the semantic structure of adjectives and their knowledge of the world (typicality of properties and how they apply to animate v. inanimate subjects) to assign generic and existential interpretations to the copulas.

          Translated abstract

          En español, las cópulas ser y estar se asocian con interpretaciones genéricas y específicas, respectivamente. Además, existe evidencia de que tanto la clase de adjetivo (escalar, no escalar) como la animacidad del sujeto oracional influyen en cómo los hablantes interpretan oraciones de manera genérica o específica. El presente estudio investiga cómo estos factores inciden en la capacidad de asignar interpretaciones genéricas o específicas a las dos cópulas. Los resultados de dos experimentos de comprensión indican que los niños interpretan las cópulas de manera diferente al asignar significativamente más interpretaciones genéricas a la construcción "ser + adjetivo" que a la construcción "estar + adjetivo". Sin embargo, los resultados muestran que los niños no alcanzan niveles adultos en la interpretación de la construcción "estar + adjetivo". Esto se debe a que la clase de adjetivo y la animacidad del sujeto influyen en la asignación de interpretaciones genéricas a construcciones con estar. Los resultados sugieren que los niños saben que ser y estar se asocian con interpretaciones genéricas y específicas respectivamente, pero que, además, hacen uso de la estructura semántica del adjetivo y su conocimiento del mundo (tipicidad de las propiedades y cómo se aplican a sujetos animados y no animados) para asignar interpretaciones a oraciones con ser y estar.

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            Information learned from generic language becomes central to children's biological concepts: evidence from their open-ended explanations.

            Generic sentences (e.g., "Snakes have holes in their teeth") convey that a property (e.g., having holes in one's teeth) is true of a category (e.g., snakes). We test the hypothesis that, in addition to this basic aspect of their meaning, generic sentences also imply that the information they express is more conceptually central than the information conveyed in similar non-generic sentences (e.g., "This snake has holes in his teeth"). To test this hypothesis, we elicited 4- and 5-year-old children's open-ended explanations for generic and non-generic versions of the same novel properties. Based on arguments in the categorization literature, we assumed that, relative to more peripheral properties, properties that are understood as conceptually central would be explained more often as causes and less often as effects of other features, behaviors, or processes. Two experiments confirmed the prediction that preschool-age children construe novel information learned from generics as more conceptually central than the same information learned from non-generics. Additionally, Experiment 2 suggested that the conceptual status of novel properties learned from generic sentences becomes similar to that of familiar properties that are already at the category core. These findings illustrate the power of generic language to shape children's concepts.
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              Beyond Labeling: The Role of Maternal Input in the Acquisition of Richly Structured Categories

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rla
                RLA. Revista de lingüística teórica y aplicada
                RLA
                Universidad de Concepción. Facultad de Humanidades y Arte (Concepción, , Chile )
                0718-4883
                June 2015
                : 53
                : 1
                : 107-130
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnamePennsylvania State University USA kxm80@ 123456psu.edu
                [01] Santiago orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Centro de Investigación Avanzada en Educación (CIAE) Chile choltheuer@ 123456ciae.uchile.cl
                Article
                S0718-48832015000100006 S0718-4883(15)05300100006
                10.4067/S0718-48832015000100006
                e90122fa-d597-40ea-9274-7c07fa0cb7ba

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 March 2015
                : 19 August 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 52, Pages: 24
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTICLES

                cópulas en español,clase de adjetivos,interpretación genérica,Semántica,adjective type,Spanish copulas,generic interpretation,Semantics

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