46
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Impact of a national helminth control programme on infection and morbidity in Ugandan schoolchildren Translated title: Impact d'un programme national de lutte contre les helminthes sur les taux d'infestation et de morbidité dues à ces parasites chez des écoliers ougandais Translated title: Impacto de un programa nacional de lucha antihelmíntica en la intensidad de la infección y la morbilidad entre escolares de Uganda

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the health impact of a national control programme targeting schistosomiasis and intestinal nematodes in Uganda, which has provided population-based anthelmintic chemotherapy since 2003. METHODS: We conducted longitudinal surveys on infection status, haemoglobin concentration and clinical morbidity in 1871 randomly selected schoolchildren from 37 schools in eight districts across Uganda at three time points - before chemotherapy and after one year and two years of annual mass chemotherapy. FINDINGS: Mass treatment with praziquantel and albendazole led to a significant decrease in the intensity of Schistosoma mansoni - 70% (95% confidence interval (CI): 66-73%) after one year and 82% (95% CI: 80-85%) after two years of treatment. Intensity of hookworm infection also decreased (75% and 93%; unadjusted). There was a significant increase in haemoglobin concentration after one (0.135 g/dL (95% CI: 0.126-0.144)) and two years (0.303 g/dL (95% CI: 0.293-0.312)) of treatment, and a significant decrease in signs of early clinical morbidity. The impact of intervention on S. mansoni prevalence and intensity was similar to that predicted by mathematical models of the impact of chemotherapy on human schistosomiasis. Improvements in haemoglobin concentration were greatest among children who were anaemic or harbouring heavy S. mansoni infection at baseline. CONCLUSION: Anthelmintic treatment delivered as part of a national helminth control programme can decrease infection and morbidity among schoolchildren and improve haemoglobin concentration.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIF: Nous nous sommes efforcés d'évaluer l'impact sur la santé d'un programme national de lutte contre la schistosomiase et contre les nématodes intestinaux en Ouganda, qui dispense une chimiothérapie antihelminthique en population depuis 2003. MÉTHODES: Nous avons réalisé une enquête longitudinale sur le statut infectieux, le taux d'hémoglobine et la morbidité clinique chez 1871 écoliers, choisis au hasard parmi 37 écoles relevant de 8 districts, répartis à travers l'Ouganda, en mesurant ces paramètres à trois moments différents : avant chimiothérapie, un an après une chimiothérapie massive annuelle et deux ans après ce traitement. RÉSULTATS: Le traitement massif par le praziquantel et l'albendazole a entraîné une diminution importante de l'intensité de l'infestation par Schistosoma Mansoni : 70 % [intervalle de confiance à 95 % (IC) = 66 - 73 %] après un an et 82 % [intervalle de confiance à 95 % (IC) = 80 - 85 %] après deux ans de traitement. L'intensité de l'infestation par les ankylostomes a aussi baissé [de 75 % et de 93 % respectivement (valeurs non ajustées)]. On a relevé une hausse importante du taux d'hémoglobine après un an [0,135 g/dl (IC à 95 % = 0,126 - 0,144)] et deux ans [0,303 g/dl (IC à 95 % = 0,293 - 0,312)] de traitement et une diminution notable des signes précoces de morbidité clinique. L'impact de l'intervention sur les concentrations de S. mansoni a été similaire à celui prévu par des modèles de l'impact de la chimiothérapie sur la schistosomiase humaine. C'est chez les enfants anémiques ou fortement infestés par S. mansoni au départ que l'on a relevé les plus fortes améliorations du taux d'hémoglobine. CONCLUSION: Le traitement antihelminthique délivré dans le cadre d'un programme national de lutte contre les helminthes est en mesure de faire baisser les taux d'infestation et de morbidité chez les écoliers et d'améliorer leur taux d'hémoglobine.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO: Decidimos evaluar el impacto sanitario de un programa nacional de control centrado en la esquistosomiasis y las infecciones intestinales por nematodos en Uganda, país que viene proporcionando tratamiento antihelmíntico a nivel poblacional desde 2003. MÉTODOS: Realizamos estudios longitudinales sobre la intensidad de la infección, la concentración de hemoglobina y la morbilidad clínica en 1871 escolares seleccionados al azar en 37 escuelas de ocho distritos de Uganda en tres momentos: antes del tratamiento, y al cabo de uno y dos años de la antibioticoterapia masiva anual. RESULTADOS: El tratamiento masivo con prazicuantel y albendazol se tradujo en una importante disminución de la intensidad de la infección por Schistosoma mansoni: 70% (intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%: 66%-73%) al cabo de un año, y 82% (IC95%: 80%-85%) a los dos años de tratamiento. La intensidad de la anquilostomiasis también disminuyó (75% y 93%; cifras no ajustadas). Se produjo un aumento considerable de la concentración de hemoglobina al cabo de un año (0,135 g/dl (IC95%: 0,126-0,144)) y a los dos años (0,303 g/dl (IC95%: 0,293-0,312)) de tratamiento, así como una disminución significativa de los signos de morbilidad clínica precoz. El impacto de la intervención en la prevalencia y la intensidad de la infección por S. mansoni fue similar al proyectado por los modelos matemáticos del impacto de la antibioticoterapia en la esquistosomiasis humana. La concentración de hemoglobina mejoró sobre todo entre los niños que estaban anémicos o que presentaban signos serios de infección por S. mansoni al comienzo del estudio. CONCLUSIÓN: El tratamiento antihelmíntico suministrado en el marco de un programa nacional de control de helmintos permite reducir la intensidad de la infección y la morbilidad entre los escolares y mejorar la concentración de hemoglobina.

          Related collections

          Most cited references48

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Epidemiology and geography of Schistosoma mansoni in Uganda: implications for planning control.

          Intestinal schistosomiasis caused by infection with Schistosoma mansoni is a widespread public health problem in Uganda. Although long known to be endemic, its current distribution within the country requires updating of parasitological data to help guide planned control. We report such data collected between 1998 and 2002 from 201 schools and 68 communities across Uganda. In accordance with epidemiological expectation, prevalence and intensity increased with age, peaking at 10-20 years and thereafter declined moderately with age, whereas intensity declined more rapidly with age, and the prevalence of infection in a school was non-linearly related to the mean intensity of infection. We used geographical information systems to map the distribution of infection and to overlay parasitological data with interpolated environmental surfaces. The derived maps indicate both a widespread occurrence of infection and a marked variability in infection prevalence, with prevalence typically highest near the lakeshore and along large rivers. No transmission occurred at altitudes >1400 m or where total annual rainfall was <900 mm; limits which can help estimate the population at risk of schistosomiasis. The results are discussed in reference to the ecology of infection and provide an epidemiological framework for the design and implementation of control efforts underway in Uganda.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            Drugs for the control of parasitic diseases: current status and development in schistosomiasis.

              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Spatial analysis of the distribution of intestinal nematode infections in Uganda.

              The spatial epidemiology of intestinal nematodes in Uganda was investigated using generalized additive models and geostatistical methods. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura was unevenly distributed in the country with prevalence greatest in southwest Uganda whereas hookworm was more homogeneously distributed. A. lumbricoides and T. Trichiura prevalence were nonlinearly related to satellite sensor-based estimates of land surface temperature; hookworm was nonlinearly associated with rainfall. Semivariogram analysis indicated that T. trichiura prevalence exhibited no spatial structure and that A. lumbricoides exhibited some spatial dependency at small spatial distances, once large-scale, mainly environmental, trends had been removed. In contrast, there was much more spatial structure in hookworm prevalence although the underlying factors are at present unclear. The implications of the results are discussed in relation to parasite spatial epidemiology and the prediction of infection distributions.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                bwho
                Bulletin of the World Health Organization
                Bull World Health Organ
                World Health Organization (Genebra, Genebra, Switzerland )
                0042-9686
                February 2007
                : 85
                : 2
                : 91-99
                Affiliations
                [02] London orgnameLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine orgdiv1Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases England
                [01] Kampala orgnameMinistry of Health orgdiv1Vector Control Division Uganda
                [04] London orgnameNatural History Museum orgdiv1Zoology Department England
                [03] London orgnameImperial College orgdiv1Schistosomiasis Control Initiative England
                Article
                S0042-96862007000200006 S0042-9686(07)08500206
                2174620
                17308729
                e91724bd-8c19-4b71-9b6f-2f05637fd66c

                History
                : 17 July 2006
                : 10 July 2006
                : 09 March 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 48, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Research

                Comments

                Comment on this article