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      Long-term pulmonary exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes promotes breast cancer metastatic cascades

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          Most cited references23

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          Carbon nanotubes: present and future commercial applications.

          Worldwide commercial interest in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is reflected in a production capacity that presently exceeds several thousand tons per year. Currently, bulk CNT powders are incorporated in diverse commercial products ranging from rechargeable batteries, automotive parts, and sporting goods to boat hulls and water filters. Advances in CNT synthesis, purification, and chemical modification are enabling integration of CNTs in thin-film electronics and large-area coatings. Although not yet providing compelling mechanical strength or electrical or thermal conductivities for many applications, CNT yarns and sheets already have promising performance for applications including supercapacitors, actuators, and lightweight electromagnetic shields.
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            The metastatic niche: adapting the foreign soil.

            The 'seed and soil' hypothesis for metastasis sets forth the concept that a conducive microenvironment, or niche, is required for disseminating tumour cells to engraft distant sites. This Opinion presents emerging data that support this concept and outlines the potential mechanism and temporal sequence by which changes occur in tissues distant from the primary tumour. To enable improvements in the prognosis of advanced malignancy, early interventions that target both the disseminating seed and the metastatic soil are likely to be required.
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              Breast cancer cell lines contain functional cancer stem cells with metastatic capacity and a distinct molecular signature.

              Tumors may be initiated and maintained by a cellular subcomponent that displays stem cell properties. We have used the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase as assessed by the ALDEFLUOR assay to isolate and characterize cancer stem cell (CSC) populations in 33 cell lines derived from normal and malignant mammary tissue. Twenty-three of the 33 cell lines contained an ALDEFLUOR-positive population that displayed stem cell properties in vitro and in NOD/SCID xenografts. Gene expression profiling identified a 413-gene CSC profile that included genes known to play a role in stem cell function, as well as genes such as CXCR1/IL-8RA not previously known to play such a role. Recombinant interleukin-8 (IL-8) increased mammosphere formation and the ALDEFLUOR-positive population in breast cancer cell lines. Finally, we show that ALDEFLUOR-positive cells are responsible for mediating metastasis. These studies confirm the hierarchical organization of immortalized cell lines, establish techniques that can facilitate the characterization of regulatory pathways of CSCs, and identify potential stem cell markers and therapeutic targets.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nature Nanotechnology
                Nat. Nanotechnol.
                Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                1748-3387
                1748-3395
                June 24 2019
                Article
                10.1038/s41565-019-0472-4
                31235893
                e959d649-e9d2-465c-aab4-4d1619f1a7ef
                © 2019

                http://www.springer.com/tdm

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