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      O modelo de tomasello sobre a evolução cognitivo-linguística humana Translated title: Tomasello's approach of the evolution of human cognition and language

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          Abstract

          O presente trabalho buscou apresentar o modelo de Michael Tomasello sobre a evolução da cognição humana e uma teoria, derivada desse modelo, sobre a aquisição e o desenvolvimento de competências linguístico-simbólicas. Tomasello propõe que a aquisição e o desenvolvimento simbólico dependem de uma cognição cultural exclusivamente humana, mas derivada de adaptações biológicas características da cognição primata. Essas propostas constituem alternativas para as abordagens tradicionais do desenvolvimento cognitivo e linguístico-simbólico humano, uma vez que: (1) destacam aspectos biológicos e culturais como determinantes da cognição humana; (2) consideram as atividades humanas como essencialmente simbólicas; (3) fornecem uma nova concepção de linguagem.

          Translated abstract

          The present paper aimed to present Tomasello's approach about human-cognition evolution and a derived theory of acquisition and development of linguistic-symbolic competences. Tomasello proposes that symbolic acquisition and development depend on an exclusively human cultural cognition derived, however, from primate biological adaptations. These approaches represent some alternatives to traditional treatments for human cognitive and linguistic-symbolic development, considering that they: (1) highlight biological and cultural features as determinants of human cognition; (2) consider human activities as essentially symbolic; (3) offer a new conception of language.

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          On The Language Instinct: (412952005-009)

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            Infants selectively encode the goal object of an actor's reach.

            Research with young children has shown that, like adults, they focus selectively on the aspects of an actor's behavior that are relevant to his or her underlying intentions. The current studies used the visual habituation paradigm to ask whether infants would similarly attend to those aspects of an action that are related to the actor's goals. Infants saw an actor reach for and grasp one of two toys sitting side by side on a curtained stage. After habituation, the positions of the toys were switched and babies saw test events in which there was a change in either the path of motion taken by the actor's arm or the object that was grasped by the actor. In the first study, 9-month-old infants looked longer when the actor grasped a new toy than when she moved through a new path. Nine-month-olds who saw an inanimate object of approximately the same dimensions as the actor's arm touch the toy did not show this pattern in test. In the second study, 5-month-old infants showed similar, though weaker, patterns. A third study provided evidence that the findings for the events involving a person were not due to perceptual changes in the objects caused by occlusion by the hand. A fourth study replicated the 9 month results for a human grasp at 6 months, and revealed that these effects did not emerge when infants saw an inanimate object with digits that moved to grasp the toy. Taken together, these findings indicate that young infants distinguish in their reasoning about human action and object motion, and that by 6 months infants encode the actions of other people in ways that are consistent with more mature understandings of goal-directed action.
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              Understanding the Intentions of Others: Re-Enactment of Intended Acts by 18-Month-Old Children.

              Investigated was whether children would re-enact what an adult actually did or what the adult intended to do. In Experiment 1 children were shown an adult who tried, but failed, to perform certain target acts. Completed target acts were thus not observed. Children in comparison groups either saw the full target act or appropriate controls. Results showed that children could infer the adult's intended act by watching the failed attempts. Experiment 2 tested children's understanding of an inanimate object that traced the same movements as the person had followed. Children showed a completely different reaction to the mechanical device than to the person: They did not produce the target acts in this case. Eighteen-month-olds situate people within a psychological framework that differentiates between the surface behavior of people and a deeper level involving goals and intentions. They have already adopted a fundamental aspect of folk psychology-persons (but not inanimate objects) are understood within a framework involving goals and intentions.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ptp
                Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa
                Psic.: Teor. e Pesq.
                Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília (Brasília )
                1806-3446
                June 2009
                : 25
                : 2
                : 161-168
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Pará Brazil
                Article
                S0102-37722009000200003
                10.1590/S0102-37722009000200003
                e9c00de5-9303-44ed-93c4-6505a6a45855

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-3772&lng=en
                Categories
                PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                evolution,human cognition,language,primates,Tomasello,evolução,cognição humana,linguagem,primatas

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