Gypsies (or Roma) recently experienced a transition from a traditional to a Westernized
lifestyle. Although mortality in this population is 4-fold higher compared with non-Gypsies,
very limited information is available on their morbidity especially with regard to
non-communicable diseases. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases in Gypsies and non-Gypsies
living in the same region of southern Slovakia.
We examined 156 Gypsies and 501 non-Gypsies who participated in a population survey.
Age- and sex-standardized prevalence rates were computed for each of the following:
T2DM, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, elevated albumin/creatinine
ratio (ACR), metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.
Age-sex standardized prevalence of T2DM was 30% (95% CI=22-39) in Gypsies and 10%
(8-13, P=0.0001 for comparison of ethnic groups) in non-Gypsies. Corresponding prevalence
of the other variables are: 65% (56-74) and 30% (26-34, P=0.0001) for obesity, 69%
(61-76) and 59% (54-63, P=0.04) for hypercholesterolemia, 66% (59-74) and 39% (35-43,
P=0.009) for hypertriglyceridemia, 49% (42-56) and 43% (39-47, P=0.1) for hypertension,
33% (26-50) and 8% (2-14, P=0.002) for hyperinsulinemia, 16% (9-22) and 5% (3-7, P=0.0001)
for elevated ACR, 20% (12-27) and 4% (3-6, P=0.0001) for metabolic syndrome and 35%
(28-43) and 26% (22-29, P=0.004) for cardiovascular disease.
Compared with non-Gypsies, Gypsies had a much higher prevalence of T2DM, metabolic
syndrome and cardiovascular disease, which may contribute to their higher mortality.