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      Fingertip skin–inspired microstructured ferroelectric skins discriminate static/dynamic pressure and temperature stimuli

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          Abstract

          Fingertip skin-mimicking ferroelectric skins sensitively detect and discriminate static/dynamic pressure and temperature.

          Abstract

          In human fingertips, the fingerprint patterns and interlocked epidermal-dermal microridges play a critical role in amplifying and transferring tactile signals to various mechanoreceptors, enabling spatiotemporal perception of various static and dynamic tactile signals. Inspired by the structure and functions of the human fingertip, we fabricated fingerprint-like patterns and interlocked microstructures in ferroelectric films, which can enhance the piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and piezoresistive sensing of static and dynamic mechanothermal signals. Our flexible and microstructured ferroelectric skins can detect and discriminate between multiple spatiotemporal tactile stimuli including static and dynamic pressure, vibration, and temperature with high sensitivities. As proof-of-concept demonstration, the sensors have been used for the simultaneous monitoring of pulse pressure and temperature of artery vessels, precise detection of acoustic sounds, and discrimination of various surface textures. Our microstructured ferroelectric skins may find applications in robotic skins, wearable sensors, and medical diagnostic devices.

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          Most cited references39

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          Highly sensitive flexible pressure sensors with microstructured rubber dielectric layers.

          The development of an electronic skin is critical to the realization of artificial intelligence that comes into direct contact with humans, and to biomedical applications such as prosthetic skin. To mimic the tactile sensing properties of natural skin, large arrays of pixel pressure sensors on a flexible and stretchable substrate are required. We demonstrate flexible, capacitive pressure sensors with unprecedented sensitivity and very short response times that can be inexpensively fabricated over large areas by microstructuring of thin films of the biocompatible elastomer polydimethylsiloxane. The pressure sensitivity of the microstructured films far surpassed that exhibited by unstructured elastomeric films of similar thickness, and is tunable by using different microstructures. The microstructured films were integrated into organic field-effect transistors as the dielectric layer, forming a new type of active sensor device with similarly excellent sensitivity and response times.
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            An ultra-lightweight design for imperceptible plastic electronics.

            Electronic devices have advanced from their heavy, bulky origins to become smart, mobile appliances. Nevertheless, they remain rigid, which precludes their intimate integration into everyday life. Flexible, textile and stretchable electronics are emerging research areas and may yield mainstream technologies. Rollable and unbreakable backplanes with amorphous silicon field-effect transistors on steel substrates only 3 μm thick have been demonstrated. On polymer substrates, bending radii of 0.1 mm have been achieved in flexible electronic devices. Concurrently, the need for compliant electronics that can not only be flexed but also conform to three-dimensional shapes has emerged. Approaches include the transfer of ultrathin polyimide layers encapsulating silicon CMOS circuits onto pre-stretched elastomers, the use of conductive elastomers integrated with organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) on polyimide islands, and fabrication of OFETs and gold interconnects on elastic substrates to realize pressure, temperature and optical sensors. Here we present a platform that makes electronics both virtually unbreakable and imperceptible. Fabricated directly on ultrathin (1 μm) polymer foils, our electronic circuits are light (3 g m(-2)) and ultraflexible and conform to their ambient, dynamic environment. Organic transistors with an ultra-dense oxide gate dielectric a few nanometres thick formed at room temperature enable sophisticated large-area electronic foils with unprecedented mechanical and environmental stability: they withstand repeated bending to radii of 5 μm and less, can be crumpled like paper, accommodate stretching up to 230% on prestrained elastomers, and can be operated at high temperatures and in aqueous environments. Because manufacturing costs of organic electronics are potentially low, imperceptible electronic foils may be as common in the future as plastic wrap is today. Applications include matrix-addressed tactile sensor foils for health care and monitoring, thin-film heaters, temperature and infrared sensors, displays, and organic solar cells.
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              Transparent triboelectric nanogenerators and self-powered pressure sensors based on micropatterned plastic films.

              Transparent, flexible and high efficient power sources are important components of organic electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, based on the principle of the previously demonstrated triboelectric generator, we demonstrate a new high-output, flexible and transparent nanogenerator by using transparent polymer materials. We have fabricated three types of regular and uniform polymer patterned arrays (line, cube, and pyramid) to improve the efficiency of the nanogenerator. The power generation of the pyramid-featured device far surpassed that exhibited by the unstructured films and gave an output voltage of up to 18 V at a current density of ∼0.13 μA/cm(2). Furthermore, the as-prepared nanogenerator can be applied as a self-powered pressure sensor for sensing a water droplet (8 mg, ∼3.6 Pa in contact pressure) and a falling feather (20 mg, ∼0.4 Pa in contact pressure) with a low-end detection limit of ∼13 mPa.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sci Adv
                Sci Adv
                SciAdv
                advances
                Science Advances
                American Association for the Advancement of Science
                2375-2548
                October 2015
                30 October 2015
                : 1
                : 9
                : e1500661
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan Metropolitan City 689-798, Republic of Korea.
                [2 ]Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea.
                Author notes
                [*]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                []Corresponding author. E-mail: hyunhko@ 123456unist.ac.kr (H.K.); heonlee@ 123456dau.ac.kr (H.S.L.)
                Article
                1500661
                10.1126/sciadv.1500661
                4646817
                26601303
                e9cc4d44-f76f-4206-aaff-32b917ec6805
                Copyright © 2015, The Authors

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 22 May 2015
                : 13 September 2015
                Funding
                Funded by: National Research Foundation of Korea;
                Award ID: ID0EMXAI3378
                Award ID: NRF-2014M3C1B2048198
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: National Research Foundation of Korea;
                Award ID: ID0EW4AI3379
                Award ID: 2012M3A6A5055728
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: National Research Foundation of Korea (KR);
                Award ID: ID0EAEBI3380
                Award ID: NRF-2011-0014965
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (KR);
                Award ID: ID0EMKBI3381
                Award ID: 10044366
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Research Article
                Research Articles
                SciAdv r-articles
                Nanomaterials
                Custom metadata
                Abel Bellen

                fingertip skin,ferroelectric skin,poly(vinylidene fluoride),graphene,static and dynamic pressure sensor,temperature sensor,acoustic sound detection,surface texture recognition

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