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      Automating the processing steps for obtaining bone tissue-engineered substitutes: from imaging tools to bioreactors.

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          Abstract

          Bone diseases and injuries are highly incapacitating and result in a high demand for tissue substitutes with specific biomechanical and structural features. Tissue engineering has already proven to be effective in regenerating bone tissue, but has not yet been able to become an economically viable solution due to the complexity of the tissue, which is very difficult to be replicated, eventually requiring the utilization of highly labor-intensive processes. Process automation is seen as the solution for mass production of cellularized bone tissue substitutes at an affordable cost by being able to reduce human intervention as well as reducing product variability. The combination of tools such as medical imaging, computer-aided fabrication, and bioreactor technologies, which are currently used in tissue engineering, shows the potential to generate automated production ecosystems, which will, in turn, enable the generation of commercially available products with widespread clinical application.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Tissue Eng Part B Rev
          Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews
          Mary Ann Liebert Inc
          1937-3376
          1937-3368
          Dec 2014
          : 20
          : 6
          Affiliations
          [1 ] 1 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho , Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal .
          Article
          10.1089/ten.TEB.2013.0751
          4241953
          24673688
          e9d7176f-9526-4aa3-949a-151ff4221239
          History

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