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      Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (SWOT) Analysis of the Adaptations to Anatomical Education in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland in Response to the Covid‐19 Pandemic

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          Abstract

          The Covid‐19 pandemic has driven the fastest changes to higher education across the globe, necessitated by social distancing measures preventing face‐to‐face teaching. This has led to an almost immediate switch to distance learning by higher education institutions. Anatomy faces some unique challenges. Intrinsically, anatomy is a three‐dimensional subject that requires a sound understanding of the relationships between structures, often achieved by the study of human cadaveric material, models, and virtual resources. This study sought to identify the approaches taken in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland to deliver anatomical education through online means. Data were collected from 14 different universities in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland and compared adopting a thematic analysis approach. Once themes were generated, they were collectively brought together using a strength, weakness, opportunity, threat (SWOT) analysis. Key themes included the opportunity to develop new online resources and the chance to engage in new academic collaborations. Academics frequently mentioned the challenge that time constrains could place on the quality and effectiveness of these resources; especially as in many cases the aim of these resources was to compensate for a lack of exposure to cadaveric exposure. Comparisons of the actions taken by multiple higher education institutions reveal the ways that academics have tried to balance this demand. Discussions will facilitate decisions being made by higher education institutions regarding adapting the curriculum and assessment methods in anatomy.

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          A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

          Summary In December 2019, a cluster of patients with pneumonia of unknown cause was linked to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan, China. A previously unknown betacoronavirus was discovered through the use of unbiased sequencing in samples from patients with pneumonia. Human airway epithelial cells were used to isolate a novel coronavirus, named 2019-nCoV, which formed a clade within the subgenus sarbecovirus, Orthocoronavirinae subfamily. Different from both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, 2019-nCoV is the seventh member of the family of coronaviruses that infect humans. Enhanced surveillance and further investigation are ongoing. (Funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China and the National Major Project for Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease in China.)
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            Medical Student Education in the Time of COVID-19

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              Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine

              The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), originating in Wuhan, China, has become a major public health challenge for not only China but also countries around the world. The World Health Organization announced that the outbreaks of the novel coronavirus have constituted a public health emergency of international concern. As of February 26, 2020, COVID-19 has been recognized in 34 countries, with a total of 80,239 laboratory-confirmed cases and 2,700 deaths. Infection control measures are necessary to prevent the virus from further spreading and to help control the epidemic situation. Due to the characteristics of dental settings, the risk of cross infection can be high between patients and dental practitioners. For dental practices and hospitals in areas that are (potentially) affected with COVID-19, strict and effective infection control protocols are urgently needed. This article, based on our experience and relevant guidelines and research, introduces essential knowledge about COVID-19 and nosocomial infection in dental settings and provides recommended management protocols for dental practitioners and students in (potentially) affected areas.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                D.Stone@bsms.ac.uk
                Journal
                Anat Sci Educ
                Anat Sci Educ
                10.1002/(ISSN)1935-9780
                ASE
                Anatomical Sciences Education
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                1935-9772
                1935-9780
                09 May 2020
                May-Jun 2020
                : 13
                : 3 , Covid‐19 and Anatomy Education ( doiID: 10.1002/ase.v13.3 )
                : 301-311
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Anatomical Sciences St. George's, University of London London United Kingdom
                [ 2 ] Department of Medical Education Brighton and Sussex Medical School University of Sussex Falmer United Kingdom
                [ 3 ] School of Medical Education Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
                [ 4 ] Department of Anatomy School of Medicine Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin Dublin Republic of Ireland
                [ 5 ] School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Republic of Ireland
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence to: Ms. Danya M. Stone, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Medical School Building, Falmer, BN1 9PX, United Kingdom. E‐mail: D.Stone@ 123456bsms.ac.uk

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7408-6829
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3987-0217
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5918-5615
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-6081
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-8591
                Article
                ASE1967
                10.1002/ase.1967
                7264742
                32306550
                ea1dfe3b-8f80-4719-9c6a-bf155d5d8814
                © 2020 The Authors. Anatomical Sciences Education published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Association for Anatomy

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

                History
                : 10 April 2020
                : 13 April 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 4, Pages: 11, Words: 23351
                Categories
                Descriptive Article
                Descriptive Article
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                May/June 2020
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.8.3 mode:remove_FC converted:02.06.2020

                gross anatomy education,undergraduate education,medical education,distance learning,covid‐19,anatomy,pedagogy,assessment,online education

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