For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
9
views
32
references
 Top references
cited by
5
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      137
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among children on antiretroviral therapy at northeast Ethiopia comprehensive specialized hospitals, 2022; A multicenter retrospective follow-up study

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Introduction

          Around the world, tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in both adults and children. The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is increased worldwide by co-infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. As a result, the study aimed to determine the incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among children on antiretroviral therapy at northeast Ethiopia Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals.

          Methods

          An institution-based retrospective follow-up study was carried out in northeast Ethiopia’s Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, among 362 children on antiretroviral therapy from January 1, 2007, to September 30, 2021. The data were entered into Epi Data version 4.6.1 and then exported to STATA version 16 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to discover tuberculosis predictors. Variables with a p-value of <0.05 at 95% confidence intervals in the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model were considered statistically significant.

          Results

          Among the 358 Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected children, two-thirds (69.3%) were over ten years old. The overall tuberculosis incidence rate was 2.0 (95%CI: 1.5–2.6) per 100 person-years with a total of 2452 years of observations. WHO clinical stages III and IV [AHR: 3.2 (95% CI 1.8–5.5)], being severely stunted [AHR = 2.1 (95% CI, 1.5–358)], and “Fair” and “poor” adherence levels to antiretroviral therapy [AHR = 4.0 (95% CI 1.5–10.8)] were independent predictors of tuberculosis.

          Conclusion

          The incidence of tuberculosis in children infected with HIV/AIDS was high in this study. The risk of tuberculosis (TB) in HIV/AIDS-infected children has been linked to WHO stages III and IV, severe stunting, and "Fair" and "Poor" ART adherence. As a result, children with HIV/ADIS should be evaluated on a regular basis in order to improve the quality of ART services and reduce the incidence rate of tuberculosis among children.

          Abstract

          Incidence; Tuberculosis; Anti-retroviral therapy; Northeast; Ethiopia.

          Related collections

          Most cited references32

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy.

          Myron S Cohen, Ying Q Chen, Marybeth McCauley … (2012)
          Antiretroviral therapy that reduces viral replication could limit the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in serodiscordant couples. In nine countries, we enrolled 1763 couples in which one partner was HIV-1-positive and the other was HIV-1-negative; 54% of the subjects were from Africa, and 50% of infected partners were men. HIV-1-infected subjects with CD4 counts between 350 and 550 cells per cubic millimeter were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive antiretroviral therapy either immediately (early therapy) or after a decline in the CD4 count or the onset of HIV-1-related symptoms (delayed therapy). The primary prevention end point was linked HIV-1 transmission in HIV-1-negative partners. The primary clinical end point was the earliest occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis, severe bacterial infection, a World Health Organization stage 4 event, or death. As of February 21, 2011, a total of 39 HIV-1 transmissions were observed (incidence rate, 1.2 per 100 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9 to 1.7); of these, 28 were virologically linked to the infected partner (incidence rate, 0.9 per 100 person-years, 95% CI, 0.6 to 1.3). Of the 28 linked transmissions, only 1 occurred in the early-therapy group (hazard ratio, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.27; P<0.001). Subjects receiving early therapy had fewer treatment end points (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.88; P=0.01). The early initiation of antiretroviral therapy reduced rates of sexual transmission of HIV-1 and clinical events, indicating both personal and public health benefits from such therapy. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others; HPTN 052 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00074581.).
          Article 0 comments Cited 732 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            Global Tuberculosis Report 2020 – Reflections on the Global TB burden, treatment and prevention efforts

            Jeremiah Chakaya, Mishal Khan, Francine Ntoumi … (2021)
            The October 2020 Global TB report reviews TB control strategies and United Nations (UN) targets set in the political declaration at the September 2018 UN General Assembly high-level meeting on TB held in New York. Progress in TB care and prevention has been very slow. In 2019, TB remained the most common cause of death from a single infectious pathogen. Globally, an estimated 10.0 million people developed TB disease in 2019, and there were an estimated 1.2 million TB deaths among HIV-negative people and an additional 208, 000 deaths among people living with HIV. Adults accounted for 88% and children for 12% of people with TB. The WHO regions of South-East Asia (44%), Africa (25%), and the Western Pacific (18%) had the most people with TB. Eight countries accounted for two thirds of the global total: India (26%), Indonesia (8.5%), China (8.4%), the Philippines (6.0%), Pakistan (5.7%), Nigeria (4.4%), Bangladesh (3.6%) and South Africa (3.6%). Only 30% of the 3.5 million five-year target for children treated for TB was met. Major advances have been development of new all oral regimens for MDRTB and new regimens for preventive therapy. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic dislodged TB from the top infectious disease cause of mortality globally. Notably, global TB control efforts were not on track even before the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many challenges remain to improve sub-optimal TB treatment and prevention services. Tuberculosis screening and diagnostic test services need to be ramped up. The major drivers of TB remain undernutrition, poverty, diabetes, tobacco smoking, and household air pollution and these need be addressed to achieve the WHO 2035 TB care and prevention targets. National programs need to include interventions for post-tuberculosis holistic wellbeing. From first detection of COVID-19 global coordination and political will with huge financial investments have led to the development of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV2 infection. The world now needs to similarly focus on development of new vaccines for TB utilizing new technological methods.
            Article 0 comments Cited 352 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              WHO's new end TB strategy.

              Mukund Uplekar, Diana Weil, Knut Lonnroth … (2015)
              Article 0 comments Cited 303 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Endalk Birrie Wondifraw
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Heliyon
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Heliyon
                Title: Heliyon
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2405-8440
                Publication date PMC-release: 30 November 2022
                Publication date Collection: December 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 November 2022
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: e12001
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Pediatric and Child Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
                [b ]Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
                [c ]Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
                [d ]Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
                [e ]Department of Adult Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S2405-8440(22)03289-3 Publisher ID: e12001
                DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12001
                PMC ID: 9720569
                PubMed ID: 36478827
                SO-VID: ea38c769-23be-4261-9604-d4e3496cdd4a
                Copyright © © 2022 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 16 June 2022
                Date revision received : 6 October 2022
                Date accepted : 23 November 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Keywords: incidence,tuberculosis,anti-retroviral therapy,northeast,ethiopia
                Data availability:
                Keywords: incidence, tuberculosis, anti-retroviral therapy, northeast, ethiopia

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content137

                See all similar

                Cited by5

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors3,699

                See all reference authors