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      Patrones de sucesión secundaria en un bosque seco tropical interandino de Colombia: implicaciones para la restauración ecológica Translated title: Secondary successional patterns in an inter-andean dry tropical forest of Colombia: implications for ecological restoration

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN El conocimiento de los patrones y trayectorias sucesionales en los bosques secos tropicales es un aspecto fundamental para orientar procesos de restauración en este importante y amenazado ecosistema. En 171 levantamientos en pastizales, arbustales y bosques de un mosaico seco tropical interandino del alto valle del Magdalena (Huila, Colombia) se identificaron y describieron los patrones de sucesión secundaria mediante análisis de conglomerados y escalamiento multidimensional no-métrico a partir de la similitud florística, y la evaluación de cambios florísticos y estructurales con la edad de abandono. Se definieron siete grupos florísticos los cuales revelan claras divisiones en los análisis multivariados. El número total de individuos, la riqueza y el área basal aumentaron con la edad de abandono. Se identificaron grupos florísticos exclusivos para cada categoría de edad de abandono, así como también grupos florísticos compartidos a lo largo de la sucesión. Se identificaron cuatro trayectorias sucesionales: dos en la zona con menor precipitación, las cuales van desde pastizales hasta arbustales y bosques con bajos valores de riqueza florística y baja complejidad estructural, y otras dos en sectores con mayor precipitación, que van desde pastizales limpios y arbolados hasta arbustales y bosques con mayor complejidad estructural y riqueza. Las trayectorias y grupos florísticos definidos pueden considerarse como base para el establecimiento de modelos flexibles de referencia para el diseño, monitoreo y evaluación de los procesos de restauración ecológica que se adelantan en la zona de estudio o en regiones con características ambientales y regímenes de disturbio similares.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The study of successional patterns and the trajectories followed by these in dry tropical forests is a fundamental aspect for guiding restoration processes on this important and threatened ecosystem. In an inter-Andean dry tropical forest of the upper Magdalena valley (Huila, Colombia), secondary successional patterns were identified through cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling, for 171 plots of grasslands, shrubs, and forests grouped by age of abandonment. Seven floristic groups showing differences in structural and composition attributes, were clearly defined in the multivariate analysis. The total number of individuals, species richness and basal area increased with the age of abandonment. Exclusive floristic groups were identified for each age class as well as some floristic groups that are shared throughout the succession. Four successional trajectories are proposed: two in areas with lower rainfall ranging from grasslands to shrubland, and forest with low values of floristic richness and less structural complexity; the other two in sectors with higher precipitation, ranging from grasslands to shrubs and forests with greater structural complexity and richness. We discussed how the defined trajectories and floristic groups could be considered as a basis for the establishment of flexible reference models for the monitoring and assessment of ecological restoration processes in the study area.

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          Plant diversity patterns in neotropical dry forests and their conservation implications.

          Seasonally dry tropical forests are distributed across Latin America and the Caribbean and are highly threatened, with less than 10% of their original extent remaining in many countries. Using 835 inventories covering 4660 species of woody plants, we show marked floristic turnover among inventories and regions, which may be higher than in other neotropical biomes, such as savanna. Such high floristic turnover indicates that numerous conservation areas across many countries will be needed to protect the full diversity of tropical dry forests. Our results provide a scientific framework within which national decision-makers can contextualize the floristic significance of their dry forest at a regional and continental scale.
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            Rates of change in tree communities of secondary Neotropical forests following major disturbances.

            Rates of change in tree communities following major disturbances are determined by a complex set of interactions between local site factors, landscape history and structure, regional species pools and species life histories. Our analysis focuses on vegetation change following abandonment of agricultural fields or pastures, as this is the most extensive form of major disturbance in Neotropical forests. We consider five tree community attributes: stem density, basal area, species density, species richness and species composition. We describe two case studies, in northeastern Costa Rica and Chiapas, Mexico, where both chronosequence and annual tree dynamics studies are being applied. These case studies show that the rates of change in tree communities often deviate from chronosequence trends. With respect to tree species composition, sites of different ages differ more than a single site followed over time through the same age range. Dynamic changes in basal area within stands, on the other hand, generally followed chronosequence trends. Basal area accumulation was more linked with tree growth rates than with net changes in tree density due to recruitment and mortality. Stem turnover rates were poor predictors of species turnover rates, particularly at longer time-intervals. Effects of the surrounding landscape on tree community dynamics within individual plots are poorly understood, but are likely to be important determinants of species accumulation rates and relative abundance patterns.
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              Succession and management of tropical dry forests in the Americas: Review and new perspectives

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cal
                Caldasia
                Caldasia
                Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias-Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia )
                0366-5232
                June 2019
                : 41
                : 1
                : 12-27
                Affiliations
                [3] Bogotá D.C orgnameJardín Botánico de Bogotá José Celestino Mutis ffajardo@ 123456jbb.gov.co
                [1] Bogotá, D.C orgnameInstituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt eavella@ 123456humboldt.org.co
                [2] Bogotá Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana orgdiv1Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales Colombia natalygarcia@ 123456javeriana.edu.co
                [4] Bogotá Bogotá orgnameUniversidad del Rosario orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas Colombia germana.gonzalez@ 123456urosario.edu.co
                Article
                S0366-52322019000100012
                10.15446/caldasia.v41n1.65859
                ea38d0eb-6e2c-42ef-9782-e94a81c7c6aa

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 July 2017
                : 20 September 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Conservación

                Ecología de la restauración,succession trajectory,restoration ecology,Magdalena valley vegetation,Abandonment age,vegetación del valle del Magdalena,trayectoria sucesional,edad de abandono

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