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      User Experience of an Innovative Mobile Health Program to Assist in Insulin Dose Adjustment: Outcomes of a Proof-Of-Concept Trial

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          Mobile Applications for Diabetics: A Systematic Review and Expert-Based Usability Evaluation Considering the Special Requirements of Diabetes Patients Age 50 Years or Older

          Background A multitude of mhealth (mobile health) apps have been developed in recent years to support effective self-management of patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2. Objective We carried out a systematic review of all currently available diabetes apps for the operating systems iOS and Android. We considered the number of newly released diabetes apps, range of functions, target user groups, languages, acquisition costs, user ratings, available interfaces, and the connection between acquisition costs and user ratings. Additionally, we examined whether the available applications serve the special needs of diabetes patients aged 50 or older by performing an expert-based usability evaluation. Methods We identified relevant keywords, comparative categories, and their specifications. Subsequently, we performed the app review based on the information given in the Google Play Store, the Apple App Store, and the apps themselves. In addition, we carried out an expert-based usability evaluation based on a representative 10% sample of diabetes apps. Results In total, we analyzed 656 apps finding that 355 (54.1%) offered just one function and 348 (53.0%) provided a documentation function. The dominating app language was English (85.4%, 560/656), patients represented the main user group (96.0%, 630/656), and the analysis of the costs revealed a trend toward free apps (53.7%, 352/656). The median price of paid apps was €1.90. The average user rating was 3.6 stars (maximum 5). Our analyses indicated no clear differences in the user rating between free and paid apps. Only 30 (4.6%) of the 656 available diabetes apps offered an interface to a measurement device. We evaluated 66 apps within the usability evaluation. On average, apps were rated best regarding the criterion “comprehensibility” (4.0 out of 5.0), while showing a lack of “fault tolerance” (2.8 out of 5.0). Of the 66 apps, 48 (72.7%) offered the ability to read the screen content aloud. The number of functions was significantly negative correlated with usability. The presence of documentation and analysis functions reduced the usability score significantly by 0.36 and 0.21 points. Conclusions A vast number of diabetes apps already exist, but the majority offer similar functionalities and combine only one to two functions in one app. Patients and physicians alike should be involved in the app development process to a greater extent. We expect that the data transmission of health parameters to physicians will gain more importance in future applications. The usability of diabetes apps for patients aged 50 or older was moderate to good. But this result applied mainly to apps offering a small range of functions. Multifunctional apps performed considerably worse in terms of usability. Moreover, the presence of a documentation or analysis function resulted in significantly lower usability scores. The operability of accessibility features for diabetes apps was quite limited, except for the feature “screen reader”.
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            Refining the Test Phase of Usability Evaluation: How Many Subjects Is Enough?

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              Usability of Commercially Available Mobile Applications for Diverse Patients.

              Mobile applications or 'apps' intended to help people manage their health and chronic conditions are widespread and gaining in popularity. However, little is known about their acceptability and usability for low-income, racially/ethnically diverse populations who experience a disproportionate burden of chronic disease and its complications.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Telemedicine and e-Health
                Telemedicine and e-Health
                Mary Ann Liebert Inc
                1530-5627
                1556-3669
                July 2018
                July 2018
                : 24
                : 7
                : 536-543
                Affiliations
                [1 ]The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Brisbane, Australia.
                [2 ]Centre for Online Health, Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
                [3 ]Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
                [4 ]Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
                [5 ]Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
                Article
                10.1089/tmj.2017.0190
                29261476
                ea8fae80-d757-4d49-9fea-c96a9701c53d
                © 2018

                http://www.liebertpub.com/nv/resources-tools/text-and-data-mining-policy/121/

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