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      Manejo inicial del paciente con afectación psiquiátrica en urgencias hospitalarias: revisión sistemática Translated title: Initial management of the patients with psychiatric involvement in hospital emergency departments: a systematic review

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          Resumen

          Se revisaron los estudios que han investigado el manejo inicial del paciente con afectación psiquiátrica en urgencias hospitalarias a fin de establecer recomendaciones prácticas. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos publicados entre 2010 y 2020, en cualquier idioma, mediante consulta en Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, Pubmed, IBECS, LILACS y MEDLINE. La calidad de los artículos revisados se evaluó mediante la herramienta AMSTAR2 y la plataforma FCL 3.0, junto con la declaración PRISMA. Los resultados de los once artículos seleccionados mostraron que mejorar la formación del personal, los recursos disponibles, el uso adecuado de la contención y la elección adecuada de la medicación puede ayudar a mejorar la atención del paciente con patología mental en el servicio de urgencias hospitalarias. Se recomienda el mismo manejo que en cualquier otro paciente, pero si está agitado o no colaborativo será necesario aplicar contención verbal, farmacológica y/ o mecánica, en ese orden.

          Abstract

          This article is a systematic review of studies that have investigated the initial management of patients with psychiatric conditions in hospital emergencies services in order to establish practical recommendations. A systematic review of the literature was carried out, consisting of studies published from 2010 to 2020, available in any language, consulting Cochrane Library Plus, PubMed, IBECS, LILACS and MEDLINE. The quality of the studies included in this review was assessed by the AMSTAR2 tool and the FCL 3.0 platform, together with the PRISMA statement. Results from the eleven papers selected showed that improvements in staff training, available resources, appropriate use of restraint and appropriate choice of medication can help to improve the care of patients with mental pathology in hospital emergency services. The same management for any other patient is recommended. However, if the patient is agitated or uncooperative, verbal, pharmacological and/or mechanical restraint (in this order) may be necessary.

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          Most cited references39

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          AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both

          The number of published systematic reviews of studies of healthcare interventions has increased rapidly and these are used extensively for clinical and policy decisions. Systematic reviews are subject to a range of biases and increasingly include non-randomised studies of interventions. It is important that users can distinguish high quality reviews. Many instruments have been designed to evaluate different aspects of reviews, but there are few comprehensive critical appraisal instruments. AMSTAR was developed to evaluate systematic reviews of randomised trials. In this paper, we report on the updating of AMSTAR and its adaptation to enable more detailed assessment of systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both. With moves to base more decisions on real world observational evidence we believe that AMSTAR 2 will assist decision makers in the identification of high quality systematic reviews, including those based on non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions.
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            The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010.

            To provide 12-month prevalence and disability burden estimates of a broad range of mental and neurological disorders in the European Union (EU) and to compare these findings to previous estimates. Referring to our previous 2005 review, improved up-to-date data for the enlarged EU on a broader range of disorders than previously covered are needed for basic, clinical and public health research and policy decisions and to inform about the estimated number of persons affected in the EU. Stepwise multi-method approach, consisting of systematic literature reviews, reanalyses of existing data sets, national surveys and expert consultations. Studies and data from all member states of the European Union (EU-27) plus Switzerland, Iceland and Norway were included. Supplementary information about neurological disorders is provided, although methodological constraints prohibited the derivation of overall prevalence estimates for mental and neurological disorders. Disease burden was measured by disability adjusted life years (DALY). Prevalence: It is estimated that each year 38.2% of the EU population suffers from a mental disorder. Adjusted for age and comorbidity, this corresponds to 164.8million persons affected. Compared to 2005 (27.4%) this higher estimate is entirely due to the inclusion of 14 new disorders also covering childhood/adolescence as well as the elderly. The estimated higher number of persons affected (2011: 165m vs. 2005: 82m) is due to coverage of childhood and old age populations, new disorders and of new EU membership states. The most frequent disorders are anxiety disorders (14.0%), insomnia (7.0%), major depression (6.9%), somatoform (6.3%), alcohol and drug dependence (>4%), ADHD (5%) in the young, and dementia (1-30%, depending on age). Except for substance use disorders and mental retardation, there were no substantial cultural or country variations. Although many sources, including national health insurance programs, reveal increases in sick leave, early retirement and treatment rates due to mental disorders, rates in the community have not increased with a few exceptions (i.e. dementia). There were also no consistent indications of improvements with regard to low treatment rates, delayed treatment provision and grossly inadequate treatment. Disability: Disorders of the brain and mental disorders in particular, contribute 26.6% of the total all cause burden, thus a greater proportion as compared to other regions of the world. The rank order of the most disabling diseases differs markedly by gender and age group; overall, the four most disabling single conditions were: depression, dementias, alcohol use disorders and stroke. In every year over a third of the total EU population suffers from mental disorders. The true size of "disorders of the brain" including neurological disorders is even considerably larger. Disorders of the brain are the largest contributor to the all cause morbidity burden as measured by DALY in the EU. No indications for increasing overall rates of mental disorders were found nor of improved care and treatment since 2005; less than one third of all cases receive any treatment, suggesting a considerable level of unmet needs. We conclude that the true size and burden of disorders of the brain in the EU was significantly underestimated in the past. Concerted priority action is needed at all levels, including substantially increased funding for basic, clinical and public health research in order to identify better strategies for improved prevention and treatment for disorders of the brain as the core health challenge of the 21st century. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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              The PICO strategy for the research question construction and evidence search

              Evidence based practice is the use of the best scientific evidence to support the clinical decision making. The identification of the best evidence requires the construction of an appropriate research question and review of the literature. This article describes the use of the PICO strategy for the construction of the research question and bibliographical search.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                An Sist Sanit Navar
                An Sist Sanit Navar
                assn
                Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra
                Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Salud
                1137-6627
                2340-3527
                12 April 2021
                May-Aug 2021
                : 44
                : 1
                : 71-81
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalFacultad de Enfermería. Universidad Católica de Murcia. Murcia. España. normalizedUniversidad de Murcia orgdiv1Facultad de Enfermería orgnameUniversidad Católica de Murcia Murcia, Spain
                [2 ] originalDepartamento de Cuidados Intermedios Médicos. Hospital General Universitario de Alicante. Alicante. España. orgdiv1Departamento de Cuidados Intermedios Médicos orgnameHospital General Universitario de Alicante Alicante, España
                [3 ] originalDepartamento de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Medicina. Universidad de Almería. Almería. España. normalizedUniversidad de Almería orgdiv1Departamento de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Medicina orgnameUniversidad de Almería Almería, Spain
                [4 ] originalDepartamento de Cardiología. Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca). Murcia. España. orgdiv1Departamento de Cardiología orgnameHospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca) Murcia, España
                Author notes
                [Correspondencia: ] Agustín Javier Simonelli-Muñoz, Departamento de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Medicina, Universidad de Almería Carretera Sacramento, s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, España. E-mail: sma147@ 123456ual.es
                Article
                10.23938/ASSN.0939
                10019535
                33853221
                ea93dd5a-014e-4c16-8790-04a1a2d3e739

                Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons

                History
                : 06 December 2020
                : 02 February 2021
                : 12 March 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 37, Pages: 11
                Categories
                Revisiones

                psiquiatría,agitación psicomotriz,intervención de crisis,urgencias hospitalarias,psychiatry,psychomotor agitation,crisis intervention,hospital emergency service

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