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      Perceived discrimination, self-exclusion and well-being among people with HIV as a function of lipodystrophy symptoms Translated title: Discriminación percibida, autoexclusión y bienestar entre las personas con VIH en función de los síntomas de la lipodistrofia

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          Abstract

          Abstract This study examined the effects of perceived discrimination on the well-being of people with HIV and the mediating role of self-exclusion as a function of the participants' symptoms of lipodystrophy. An ex post facto study with a sample of 706 people with HIV was conducted. Self-perception of lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy, perceived discrimination, self-exclusion and psychological well-being were measured. Results of hierarchical cluster analysis showed participants could be categorized into three groups: no lipodystrophy, mixed syndrome with predominant lipoaccumulation and lipoatrophy. Results of structural equation modeling revealed that the negative effects of perceived discrimination on well-being were mediated to a large extent by self-exclusion. Invariance analysis revealed that the mediating role of self-exclusion was not the same in the three clusters. Complete mediation of self-exclusion in the groups without lipodystrophy and with predominant lipoaccumulation was confirmed. Regarding lipoatrophy, the negative effects of perceived discrimination were greater and only partly mediated by self-exclusion. In conclusion, having lipodystrophy exposed people to more discrimination; lipoatrophy was the most stigmatizing condition.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Este estudio examinó los efectos de la discriminación percibida sobre el bienestar de las personas con VIH y el papel mediador de la autoexclusión en función de los síntomas de lipodistrofia de los participantes. Se realizó un estudio ex post facto con una muestra de 706 personas con VIH. Se midió la autopercepción de lipoatrofia y lipohipertrofia, discriminación percibida, autoexclusión y bienestar psicológico. Los resultados del análisis de agrupamiento jerárquico mostraron que los participantes podían clasificarse en tres grupos: sin lipodistrofia, síndrome mixto con lipoacumulación predominante y lipoatrofia. Los resultados del modelado de ecuaciones estructurales revelaron que los efectos negativos de la discriminación percibida sobre el bienestar estaban mediados en gran medida por la autoexclusión. El análisis de invarianza reveló que el papel mediador de la autoexclusión no era el mismo en los tres grupos. Se confirmó la mediación completa de la autoexclusión en los grupos sin lipodistrofia y con lipoacumulación predominante. Con respecto a la lipoatrofia, los efectos negativos de la discriminación percibida fueron mayores y solo parcialmente mediados por la autoexclusión. En conclusión, tener lipodistrofia expone a las personas a más discriminación; la lipoatrofia fue la condición más estigmatizante.

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          The purpose of this study was to analyze the internal consistency and the external and structure validity of the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in the Spanish general population. A stratified sample of 1001 subjects, ages between 25 and 65 years, taken from the general Spanish population was employed. The GHQ-12 and the Inventory of Situations and Responses of Anxiety-ISRA were administered. A Cronbach's alpha of .76 (Standardized Alpha: .78) and a 3-factor structure (with oblique rotation and maximum likelihood procedure) were obtained. External validity of Factor I (Successful Coping) with the ISRA is very robust (.82; Factor II, .70; Factor III, .75). The GHQ-12 shows adequate reliability and validity in the Spanish population. Therefore, the GHQ-12 can be used with efficacy to assess people's overall psychological well-being and to detect non-psychotic psychiatric problems. Additionally, our results confirm that the GHQ-12 can best be thought of as a multidimensional scale that assesses several distinct aspects of distress, rather than just a unitary screening measure.
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            Obesity has received considerable attention as a major health hazard because of the increase in the prevalence of obesity not only in the United States but also in several other countries worldwide. Obesity is caused by an interaction of environmental factors, genetic predisposition, and human behavior, and is associated with an increased risk of numerous chronic diseases, from diabetes and cancers to many digestive diseases. The obesity epidemic exerts a heavy toll on the economy with its massive health care costs. This article describes some of the epidemiologic features of obesity, including global prevalence, secular trends, risk factors, and burden of illness related to obesity with special emphasis on obesity trends in the United States. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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              Stigma and Psychological Distress in People With HIV/AIDS

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ap
                Anales de Psicología
                Anal. Psicol.
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )
                0212-9728
                1695-2294
                2018
                : 34
                : 1
                : 7-15
                Affiliations
                [4] orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED orgdiv1Departamento de Metodología de Ciencias del Comportamiento y la Salud Spain
                [5] País Vasco orgnameUniversidad del País Vasco Spain
                [1] orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED orgdiv1Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones Spain
                [2] orgnameSociedad Española Interdisciplinaria del Sida (SEISIDA) Spain
                [3] orgnameUniversidad del País Vasco- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea orgdiv1Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico Spain
                Article
                S0212-97282018000100002
                10.6018/analesps.34.1.278851
                ea9e3be2-f2ef-4ff4-b1fc-7adcac4f2590

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 December 2016
                : 04 July 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Bienestar psicológico,Estigma,Lipodistrofia,VIH,Psychological well-being,Stigma,Lipodystrophy,HIV

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