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      Valor da enolase específica do neurônio como indicador de prognóstico pós-parada cardiorrespiratória Translated title: Serum neuron-specific enolase as a prognostic marker after a cardiac arrest

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          Abstract

          JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A parada cardíaca é um estado de grave hipoperfusão cerebral. Os pacientes que sobrevivem a uma reanimação cardiorrespiratória estão sob grande risco de vir a morrer ou desenvolver lesão cerebral incapacitante, inclusive estado vegetativo persistente. Uma definição precoce do prognóstico desses pacientes tem implicações éticas e econômicas. O objetivo desse estudo foi revisar o valor prognóstico da Enolase Específica do Neurônio (NSE) em predizer precocemente os desfechos de pacientes após uma parada cardíaca. CONTEÚDO: A lesão cerebral permanente é a complicação mais temida de uma reanimação cardíaca prolongada. Muitos estudos têm tentado isolar fatores prognósticos que possam estar associados com desfechos clínicos em pacientes sobreviventes de parada cardíaca. Indicadores bioquímicos de morte neuronal parecem promissores nesse cenário. Nesse contexto, a NSE vem sendo estudada em pacientes reanimados de paradas cardíacas e níveis elevados dessa enzima sugerem lesão encefálica mais extensa e estão associados a desfechos clínicos desfavoráveis. CONCLUSÕES: Os desfechos depois de uma parada cardíaca são determinados principalmente pelo grau de lesão cerebral isquêmica e medidas precoces de NSE sérica podem ser um método adjunto de grande valor na avaliação prognóstica desses pacientes.

          Translated abstract

          BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cardiac arrest is a state of severe cerebral perfusion deficit. Patients recovering from a cardiopulmonary resuscitation are at great risk of subsequent death or incapacitating neurologic injury, including persistent vegetative state. The early definition of prognosis for these patients has ethical and economic implications. The main purpose of this manuscript was to review the prognostic value of serum Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) in predicting outcomes in patients early after a cardiac arrest. CONTENTS: Severe neurologic disability is the most feared complication after a cardiac arrest. Many studies are trying to find prognostic markers that can be associated with outcomes in patients surviving a cardiac arrest. Biochemical markers of neuronal injury seem to be promising in this scenario. Therefore, NSE levels have been studied in patients after a cardiac arrest and high enzyme levels suggest more extensive brain damage and are associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Outcome after a cardiac arrest is mostly determined by the degree of hypoxic brain damage and early determinations of serum NSE level can be a valuable ancillary method for assessing outcome in these patients.

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          Peripheral arterial disease: morbidity and mortality implications.

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            Brain oxygenation and energy metabolism: part I-biological function and pathophysiology.

            CONTINUOUS OXYGEN DELIVERY and CO(2) clearance are paramount in the maintenance of normal brain function and tissue integrity. Under normal conditions, aerobic metabolism is the major source of energy in the brain, but this system may be compromised by the interruption of substrate delivery and disturbances in cerebral metabolism. These disruptions are major factors contributing to ischemic and hypoxic brain damage resulting from traumatic brain injury, stroke, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. There is evidence that mitochondrial function also is reduced after injury. Furthermore, early impairment of cerebral blood flow in patients with severe injury correlates with poor tissue oxygenation and may be an important parameter in secondary damage. Recent advances in brain tissue monitoring in the intensive care unit and operating room have made it possible to continuously measure tissue oxygen tension and temperature, as well as certain aspects of brain metabolism and neurochemistry. Therefore, it is important to understand the physiological process and the pathophysiology produced by these events. This is Part I of a two-part review that analyzes the physiology of cerebral oxygenation and metabolism as well as some of the pathological mechanisms involved in ischemic and traumatic brain injuries. Brain tissue monitoring techniques will be examined in the second article of this two-part series. To understand cerebral oxygenation, it is important to understand cerebral blood flow, energy production, ischemia, acidosis, generation of reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial failure. These issues provide the basis of knowledge regarding brain bioenergetics and are important topics to understand when developing new approaches to patient care.
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              Serum neuron-specific enolase predicts outcome in post-anoxic coma: a prospective cohort study.

              The aim of this study was to investigate whether serial serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) can be used to predict neurological prognosis in patients remaining comatose after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). DESIGN. Observational cohort study. Clinicians were blinded to NSE results. Eighteen-bed general ICU. Comatose patients admitted to the ICU after CPR. Serum NSE was measured at admission and daily for 5 days. Patients received full intensive treatment until recovery or until absence of cortical response to somatosensory evoked potentials more than 48 h after CPR proved irreversible coma. Of the 110 patients included (mean GCS at ICU admission 3, range 3--9), 34 regained consciousness, five of whom died in hospital. Seventy-six patients did not regain consciousness, 72 of whom died in hospital. Serum NSE at 24 h and at 48 h after CPR was significantly higher in patients who did not regain consciousness than in patients who regained consciousness (at 24 h: median NSE 29.9 microg/l, range 1.8-250 vs 9.9 microg/l, range 4.5-21.5, P 25.0 microg/l at any time regained consciousness. Addition of NSE to GCS and somatosensory evoked potentials increased predictability of poor neurological outcome from 64% to 76%. High serum NSE levels in comatose patients at 24 h and 48 h after CPR predict a poor neurological outcome. Addition of NSE to GCS and somatosensory evoked potentials increases predictability of neurological outcome.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbti
                Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva
                Rev. bras. ter. intensiva
                Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira - AMIB (São Paulo )
                1982-4335
                December 2006
                : 18
                : 4
                : 396-401
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
                Article
                S0103-507X2006000400013
                10.1590/S0103-507X2006000400013
                eaae66dd-11fa-413a-a28f-5d477725eab2

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0103-507X&lng=en
                Categories
                CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

                Emergency medicine & Trauma
                cardiac arrest,neuron-specific enolase,outcome,enolase específica do neurônio,parada cardíaca,prognóstico

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