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      ENTOMOFAGIA - CONSUMO ATUAL E POTENCIAL DE FUTURO Translated title: ENTOMOPHAGY - ACTUAL CONSUMPTION AND FUTURE POTENTIAL

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          Abstract

          RESUMO O consumo de insetos na alimentação humana remonta à fase de caçador-recoletor do Homo sapiens e ainda hoje é parte integrante da dieta de muitos povos, não só quando há escassez de outros alimentos, mas também pelo seu sabor ser apreciado. Na Europa o consumo de insetos deixou de ser prática comum à medida que outros alimentos passaram a estar disponíveis em qualquer época do ano. Os insetos mais consumidos mundialmente pertencem às ordens Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Isoptera, Odonata, Diptera, Dictyoptera e Megaloptera. O valor nutricional dos insetos para o ser humano é reconhecido, recentemente, a Organização para a Alimentação e Agricultura das Nações Unidas publicou uma tabela com a composição nutricional de 471 insetos comestíveis. Os insetos são ricos em proteína, gordura, minerais e vitaminas. O consumo de insetos no Ocidente, em países onde deixou de ser prática comum, encontra-se condicionado pela perceção negativa que se tem destes animais e por se tratar de algo visto como novo no que diz respeito à alimentação. Nos últimos anos tem-se assistido a um crescente interesse pela introdução dos insetos na dieta como forma de fazer face ao crescimento da população mundial e consequente necessidade de aumento da produção alimentar, mas também por questões ambientais. Em Portugal o interesse pela produção de insetos para consumo humano encontrou barreiras na legislação da União Europeia, estando atualmente autorizada a comercialização de 6 espécies de insetos.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The consumption of insects by humans dates back to the hunter-gatherer phase of the Homo sapiens and even today it is part of the diet of several communities, not only when there is a shortage of other foods, but also because its flavour is appreciated. In Europe, the consumption of insects decreased its frequency as the availability of other types of food became available at any time of the year. The most consumed insects worldwide are those of the orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Isoptera, Odonata, Diptera, Dictyoptera and Megaloptera. The nutritional value of insects for humans is acknowledged, recently, The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations published a table with the nutritional composition of 471 edible insects. Insects are rich in protein, fat, minerals and vitamins. Insects’ consumption in the West, in countries where it is no longer a common practice, is conditioned by the negative perception of these animals and because it is something seen as new in terms of food. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the introduction of insects in the diet as a way to face the continuous increase of the world population and the consequent need to increase food production, but also for environmental reasons. In Portugal, the interest in the production of insects for human consumption faced barriers in the European Union legislation, but the commercialization of 6 species of insects is currently authorized.

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          Dietary fiber and prebiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota

          ABSTRACT The gastrointestinal microbiota has an important role in human health, and there is increasing interest in utilizing dietary approaches to modulate the composition and metabolic function of the microbial communities that colonize the gastrointestinal tract to improve health, and prevent or treat disease. One dietary strategy for modulating the microbiota is consumption of dietary fiber and prebiotics that can be metabolized by microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. Human alimentary enzymes are not able to digest most complex carbohydrates and plant polysaccharides. Instead, these polysaccharides are metabolized by microbes which generate short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate. This article reviews the current knowledge of the impact of fiber and prebiotic consumption on the composition and metabolic function of the human gastrointestinal microbiota, including the effects of physiochemical properties of complex carbohydrates, adequate intake and treatment dosages, and the phenotypic responses related to the composition of the human microbiota.
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            Potential of insects as food and feed in assuring food security.

            With a growing world population and increasingly demanding consumers, the production of sufficient protein from livestock, poultry, and fish represents a serious challenge for the future. Approximately 1,900 insect species are eaten worldwide, mainly in developing countries. They constitute quality food and feed, have high feed conversion ratios, and emit low levels of greenhouse gases. Some insect species can be grown on organic side streams, reducing environmental contamination and transforming waste into high-protein feed that can replace increasingly more expensive compound feed ingredients, such as fish meal. This requires the development of cost-effective, automated mass-rearing facilities that provide a reliable, stable, and safe product. In the tropics, sustainable harvesting needs to be assured and rearing practices promoted, and in general, the food resource needs to be revalorized. In the Western world, consumer acceptability will relate to pricing, perceived environmental benefits, and the development of tasty insect-derived protein products.
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              Water Resources: Agricultural and Environmental Issues

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                apn
                Acta Portuguesa de Nutrição
                Acta Port Nutr
                Associação Portuguesa de Nutrição (Porto, , Portugal )
                2183-5985
                June 2022
                : 29
                : 76-81
                Affiliations
                [1] Leiria orgnameInstituto Politécnico de Leiria orgdiv1ESSLei - School of Health Sciences Portugal
                Article
                S2183-59852022000200076 S2183-5985(22)00002900076
                10.21011/apn.2022.2913
                eab22c98-86da-42bf-92da-1d29c15de9d7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 March 2022
                : 30 June 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Portugal

                Categories
                Artigo de Revisão

                Edible insects,Entomofagia,Insetos edíveis,Entomophagy
                Edible insects, Entomofagia, Insetos edíveis, Entomophagy

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