24
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Microbial and genetically engineered oils as replacements for fish oil in aquaculture feeds

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          As the global population grows more of our fish and seafood are being farmed. Fish are the main dietary source of the omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, but these cannot be produced in sufficient quantities as are now required for human health. Farmed fish have traditionally been fed a diet consisting of fishmeal and fish oil, rich in n-3 LC-PUFA. However, the increase in global aquaculture production has resulted in these finite and limited marine ingredients being replaced with sustainable alternatives of terrestrial origin that are devoid of n-3 LC-PUFA. Consequently, the nutritional value of the final product has been partially compromised with EPA and DHA levels both falling. Recent calls from the salmon industry for new sources of n-3 LC-PUFA have received significant commercial interest. Thus, this review explores the technologies being applied to produce de novo n-3 LC-PUFA sources, namely microalgae and genetically engineered oilseed crops, and how they may be used in aquafeeds to ensure that farmed fish remain a healthy component of the human diet.

          Related collections

          Most cited references54

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          Expanding the utilization of sustainable plant products in aquafeeds: a review

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            Lipids and life strategy of ArcticCalanus

              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: found
              Is Open Access

              Impact of sustainable feeds on omega-3 long-chain fatty acid levels in farmed Atlantic salmon, 2006–2015

              As the global population and its demand for seafood increases more of our fish will come from aquaculture. Farmed Atlantic salmon are a global commodity and, as an oily fish, contain a rich source of the health promoting long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. Replacing the traditional finite marine ingredients, fishmeal and fish oil, in farmed salmon diets with sustainable alternatives of terrestrial origin, devoid of EPA and DHA, presents a significant challenge for the aquaculture industry. By comparing the fatty acid composition of over 3,000 Scottish Atlantic salmon farmed between 2006 and 2015, we find that terrestrial fatty acids have significantly increased alongside a decrease in EPA and DHA levels. Consequently, the nutritional value of the final product is compromised requiring double portion sizes, as compared to 2006, in order to satisfy recommended EPA + DHA intake levels endorsed by health advisory organisations. Nevertheless, farmed Scottish salmon still delivers more EPA + DHA than most other fish species and all terrestrial livestock. Our findings highlight the global shortfall of EPA and DHA and the implications this has for the human consumer and examines the potential of microalgae and genetically modified crops as future sources of these important fatty acids.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                +44 1786 467993 , matthew.sprague@stir.ac.uk
                Journal
                Biotechnol Lett
                Biotechnol. Lett
                Biotechnology Letters
                Springer Netherlands (Dordrecht )
                0141-5492
                1573-6776
                18 July 2017
                18 July 2017
                2017
                : 39
                : 11
                : 1599-1609
                Affiliations
                ISNI 0000 0001 2248 4331, GRID grid.11918.30, Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, , University of Stirling, ; Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland, UK
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0723-2387
                Article
                2402
                10.1007/s10529-017-2402-6
                5636849
                28721583
                eac39247-81a1-4a6a-aa24-1466b682c931
                © The Author(s) 2017

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                : 22 June 2017
                : 13 July 2017
                Categories
                Review
                Custom metadata
                © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2017

                Biotechnology
                alternative n-3 lc-pufa sources,aquaculture,epa and dha,farmed fish,human health,oils from transgenic plants,polyunsaturated fatty acids

                Comments

                Comment on this article