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      Clinical Interventions in Aging (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on prevention and treatment of diseases in people over 65 years of age. Sign up for email alerts here.

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      Is Open Access

      Trialing an online intervention to improve retirement planning goal setting and goal specificity

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          Time perspective (TP) is the term used to describe people’s preferences to focus on the past, present, and the future. Previous research demonstrates a link between TP and retirement planning. The objective of this study was to evaluate a TP-based online training intervention to improve retirement planning emphasizing the accumulation of resources.

          Patients and methods

          Twenty-two ( M=59.41 years) working and fully retired participants were compared to a control group of 18 ( M=56.67 years) participants. The intervention included three separate modules delivered online at the rate of one per week over a 3-week testing session. Outcomes focused on retirement goals and goal specificity.

          Results

          When compared to the control group, subjects in the intervention improved the number of goals relating to the accumulation of health ( F(1,35)=10.15, P<0.01, 95% CI [0.28, 2.77]) and emotional resources ( F(1,35)=5.16, P<0.05, 95% CI [−0.22, 2.37]). Goals relating to the accumulation of health resources also became more specific within the experimental group when compared to the control group and a significant interaction was recorded ( F(1,38)=15.78, P<0.01, 95% CI [0.33, 1.74]). Similar interactions between the control and experimental groups were reported for the accumulation of cognitive resources ( F(1,38)=13.15, P<0.01, 95% CI [0.28, 1.96]) and for emotional resources ( F(1,38)=7.39, P<0.01, 95% CI [0.00, 1.50]). Qualitative feedback included recommendations to improve engagement by using more activities, providing clearer navigation instructions and avoiding the use of animation.

          Conclusion

          Applying a TP-based framework to the design of an online training intervention helped improve the accumulation and specificity of emotional and health resources for retirement. The study contains a number of theoretical and practical recommendations informing the design of future retirement planning interventions.

          Most cited references24

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          Goal Achievement: The Role of Intentions

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            Profiling retirees in the retirement transition and adjustment process: examining the longitudinal change patterns of retirees' psychological well-being.

            Mo Wang (2007)
            The author used role theory, continuity theory, and the life course perspective to form hypotheses regarding the different retirement transition and adjustment patterns and how different individual and contextual variables related to those patterns. The longitudinal data of 2 samples (n(1) = 994; n(2) = 1,066) from the Health and Retirement Survey were used. Three latent growth curve patterns of retirees' psychological well-being were identified as coexisting in the retiree samples through growth mixture modeling (GMM) analysis. On the basis of the latent class membership derived from GMM, retiree subgroups directly linked to different growth curve patterns were profiled with individual (e.g., bridge job status) and contextual variables (e.g., spouse working status). By recognizing the existence of multiple retiree subgroups corresponding to different psychological well-being change patterns, this study suggests that retirees do not follow a uniform adjustment pattern during the retirement process, which reconciles inconsistent previous findings. A resource perspective is further introduced to provide a more integrated theory for the current findings. The practical implications of this study are also discussed at both individual level and policy level. ((c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved.
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              Do implementation intentions help to eat a healthy diet? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical evidence.

              This systematic review and meta-analysis examined whether implementation intentions are an effective tool to help people put their intentions to eat a healthy diet into practice. Additionally, it was investigated whether the quality of the outcome measures and the quality of the control conditions that are used in these studies influence implementation intentions' effectiveness. Twenty three empirical studies investigating the effect of implementation intentions on eating behavior were included. In assessing the empirical evidence, a distinction was made between studies that aim to increase healthy eating (i.e., eating more fruits) and studies that aim to diminish unhealthy eating (i.e., eating fewer unhealthy snacks). Implementation intentions are an effective tool for promoting the inclusion of healthy food items in one's diet (Cohen's d=.51), but results for diminishing unhealthy eating patterns are less strong (Cohen's d=.29). For studies aiming to increase healthy eating, it was found that higher quality outcome measures and lower quality control conditions tended to yield stronger effects. Implementation intentions are somewhat more effective in promoting healthy eating than in diminishing unhealthy eating, although for some studies promoting healthy eating effect sizes may have been inflated due to less than optimal control conditions. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Clin Interv Aging
                Clin Interv Aging
                Clinical Interventions in Aging
                Clinical Interventions in Aging
                Dove Medical Press
                1176-9092
                1178-1998
                2019
                21 February 2019
                : 14
                : 419-425
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia, joanne.earl@ 123456mq.edu.au
                [2 ]School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Joanne Kaa Earl, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Balaclava Road, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia, Email joanne.earl@ 123456mq.edu.au
                Article
                cia-14-419
                10.2147/CIA.S189072
                6388977
                30863036
                eae0aac5-76a8-4777-8bc2-368eee1494fc
                © 2019 Earl and Burbury. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

                The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

                History
                Categories
                Original Research

                Health & Social care
                resource accumulation,planning behavior,retirement,time perspective,retirement resources inventory

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