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      Online Processing of Temporal Agreement in a Grammatical Tone Language: An ERP Study

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          Abstract

          Previous electrophysiological studies that have examined temporal agreement violations in (Indo-European) languages that use grammatical affixes to mark time reference, have found a Left Anterior Negativity (LAN) and/or P600 ERP components, reflecting morpho-syntactic and syntactic processing, respectively. The current study investigates the electrophysiological processing of temporal relations in an African language (Akan) that uses grammatical tone, rather than morphological inflection, for time reference. Twenty-four native speakers of Akan listened to sentences with time reference violations. Our results demonstrate that a violation of a present context by a past verb yields a P600 time-locked to the verb. There was no such effect when a past context was violated by a present verb. In conclusion, while there are similarities in both Akan and Indo-European languages, as far as the modulation of the P600 effect is concerned, the nature of this effect seems to be different for these languages.

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          Most cited references71

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          Reading senseless sentences: brain potentials reflect semantic incongruity

          In a sentence reading task, words that occurred out of context were associated with specific types of event-related brain potentials. Words that were physically aberrant (larger than normal) elecited a late positive series of potentials, whereas semantically inappropriate words elicited a late negative wave (N400). The N400 wave may be an electrophysiological sign of the "reprocessing" of semantically anomalous information.
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            The syntactic positive shift (sps) as an erp measure of syntactic processing

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              Memory-based or afferent processes in mismatch negativity (MMN): a review of the evidence.

              The mismatch negativity (MMN) is an electromagnetic response to any discriminable change in regular auditory input. This response is usually interpreted as being generated by an automatic cortical change-detection process in which a difference is found between the current input and the representation of the regular aspects of the preceding auditory input. Recently, this interpretation was questioned by Jääskeläinen et al. (2004) who proposed that the MMN is a product of an N1 (N1a) difference wave emerging in the subtraction procedure used to visualize and quantify the MMN. We now evaluate this "adaptation hypothesis" of the MMN in the light of the available data. It is shown that the MMN cannot be accounted for by differential activation of the afferent N1 transient detectors by repetitive ("standard") stimuli and deviant ("novel") stimuli and that the presence of a memory representation of the standard is required for the elicitation of MMN.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Psychol
                Front Psychol
                Front. Psychol.
                Frontiers in Psychology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-1078
                21 May 2021
                2021
                : 12
                : 638716
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen, Netherlands
                [2] 2International Doctorate for Experimental Approaches to Language and Brain, University of Groningen , Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
                [3] 3Center for Language and Brain , National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
                [4] 4Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen , Groningen, Netherlands
                Author notes

                Edited by: Sendy Caffarra, Stanford University, United States

                Reviewed by: Nicoletta Biondo, University of Siena, Italy; Lang Chen, Santa Clara University, United States; Bojana Ristiæ, University College London, United Kingdom

                *Correspondence: Frank Tsiwah, franktsiwah@ 123456gmail.com

                This article was submitted to Language Sciences, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology

                Article
                10.3389/fpsyg.2021.638716
                8176019
                eae61682-567b-43cb-b8aa-d889417b8757
                Copyright © 2021 Tsiwah, Bastiaanse, van Rij and Popov.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 07 December 2020
                : 23 April 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 72, Pages: 15, Words: 0
                Categories
                Psychology
                Original Research

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                grammatical tone,tense,temporal agreement,event-related potentials,akan

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