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      Gracias por todo: Una revisión sobre la gratitud desde la neurobiología a la clínica Translated title: Thanks for everything: a review on gratitude from neurobiology to clinic

      review-article
      Revista médica de Chile
      Sociedad Médica de Santiago
      Emotions, Happiness, Health, Health Promotion, Psychology, Medical

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          Translated abstract

          The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health not only as the absence of disease but as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Gratitude is one of the concepts most commonly associated with well-being from the empirical point of view. Despite of this, we seldom use the concept, possibly due to the lack of dissemination of its scientific bases and possible clinical applications. At an anatomical level, it is related consistently with the medial prefrontal cortex and at molecular level, with the neuropeptide oxytocin. It has been associated with better physical and mental health parameters, both in healthy and sick populations. It is usually measured using scales, being the most used worldwide the Gratitude Questionnaire-6 item (GQ-6). There are exercises that can enhance gratitude and its benefits, such as the gratitude letter and the gratitude journal. Given the current state of knowledge about gratitude, and considering its potential benefits, low risks, ability to complement other treatments, the simple and cost-effectiveness of gratitude interventions, a continuing research on this topic and its practical implementation is warranted.

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          Most cited references57

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          The grateful disposition: a conceptual and empirical topography.

          In four studies, the authors examined the correlates of the disposition toward gratitude. Study I revealed that self-ratings and observer ratings of the grateful disposition are associated with positive affect and well-being, prosocial behaviors and traits, and religiousness/spirituality. Study 2 replicated these findings in a large nonstudent sample. Study 3 yielded similar results to Studies I and 2 and provided evidence that gratitude is negatively associated with envy and materialistic attitudes. Study 4 yielded evidence that these associations persist after controlling for Extraversion/positive affectivity. Neuroticism/negative affectivity, and Agreeableness. The development of the Gratitude Questionnaire, a unidimensional measure with good psychometric properties, is also described.
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            Becoming happier takes both a will and a proper way: an experimental longitudinal intervention to boost well-being.

            An 8-month-long experimental study examined the immediate and longer term effects of regularly practicing two assigned positive activities (expressing optimism and gratitude) on well-being. More important, this intervention allowed us to explore the impact of two metafactors that are likely to influence the success of any positive activity: whether one self-selects into the study knowing that it is about increasing happiness and whether one invests effort into the activity over time. Our results indicate that initial self-selection makes a difference, but only in the two positive activity conditions, not the control, and that continued effort also makes a difference, but, again, only in the treatment conditions. We conclude that happiness interventions are more than just placebos, but that they are most successful when participants know about, endorse, and commit to the intervention. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved
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              Counting blessings in early adolescents: an experimental study of gratitude and subjective well-being.

              The development and manifestation of gratitude in youth is unclear. We examined the effects of a grateful outlook on subjective well-being and other outcomes of positive psychological functioning in 221 early adolescents. Eleven classes were randomly assigned to either a gratitude, hassles, or control condition. Results indicated that counting blessings was associated with enhanced self-reported gratitude, optimism, life satisfaction, and decreased negative affect. Feeling grateful in response to aid mediated the relationship between experimental condition and general gratitude at the 3-week follow-up. The most significant finding was the robust relationship between gratitude and satisfaction with school experience at both the immediate post-test and 3-week follow-up. Counting blessings seems to be an effective intervention for well-being enhancement in early adolescents.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rmc
                Revista médica de Chile
                Rev. méd. Chile
                Sociedad Médica de Santiago (Santiago, , Chile )
                0034-9887
                June 2019
                : 147
                : 6
                : 755-761
                Affiliations
                [1] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Psiquiatría Norte Chile
                Article
                S0034-98872019000600755
                eaeec87c-7705-4447-8007-6e3c3ce1410d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 March 2019
                : 28 September 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 61, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTICULOS DE REVISION

                Emotions,Happiness,Health,Health Promotion,Psychology, Medical

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