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      Preditores de não aderência ao seguimento preconizado para mulheres com lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau (HSIL) Translated title: Predictors of non-adherence to the prescribed follow-up in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)

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          Abstract

          O câncer de colo uterino é um tumor de natureza multifatorial que persiste como um importante problema de saúde pública. Aderência à linha de cuidado é fator associado ao controle desse câncer. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar fatores associados à "Não aderência" ao seguimento preconizado para mulheres com lesão intraepitelial de alto grau (HSIL), atendidas em um serviço de saúde da Baixada Fluminense, no Rio de Janeiro. Este estudo do tipo coorte retrospectivo incluiu mulheres rastreadas por citologia, matriculadas entre 01/01/2002 e 31/12/2005 e submetidas à colposcopia. A coleta de dados terminou em 31/12/07. Foram revisados 1496 prontuários e identificadas 641 mulheres elegíveis com diagnóstico de HSIL obtido por excisão da zona de transformação do colo uterino. Após a aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, a população de estudo foi constituída por 537 (84%) mulheres, classificadas em dois grupos: "não aderentes" (29,4%), que abandonaram o seguimento, e "aderentes" (70,6%), que permaneceram no seguimento até a alta. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste do qui-quadrado, teste t e regressão logística. O modelo final incluiu as variáveis: ser fumante (OR 1,72), dona de casa (OR 1,56), ter realizado o exame com o uso do vídeo-colposcópio (OR 1,80), idade (OR 0,97) e antecedente de três ou mais gestações (OR 0,49). O estudo revelou um perfil de vulnerabilidade apontando para determinantes de ordem individual e organizacional. Estratégias para melhorar a aderência ao seguimento devem contemplar medidas dirigidas a fatores modificáveis do estilo de vida, como o tabagismo, e estruturais característicos dos serviços de saúde da região.

          Translated abstract

          Cervical cancer is a tumor of multi-factorial nature that remains nowadays an a serious important public health problem. Adherence to health care procedures is a factor related to uterine cervical cancer control. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors associated with non-adherence to the prescribed follow-up in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), attending a public health care service in the "Baixada Fluminense", Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This was a retrospective cohort study including women screened through cytology, entering the health care service between 01/01/2002 and 12/31/2005 and submitted to a colposcopy. Data collection ended on 12/31/07. Through the revision of 1496 medical records, 641 eligible women with a histopathological diagnosis of HSIL obtained after excision of the transformation zone were identified. After application of the exclusion criteria, the study population comprised 537 (84%) women, classified into two groups: "non-adherent" (29.4%), who abandoned the follow-up procedures and "adherent" (70.6%) who remained in follow-up along the required period. Statistical analysis was carried out though qui-square and t-tests and logistic regression. The final model contained the variables smoker (OR 1.72), not having a job outside the house (OR 1.56), having the examination carried out with a videocolposcopy (OR 1.80), age (OR 0.97) and history of three or more gestations (OR 0.49). The study disclosed a vulnerability profile pointing to individual and organizational-level determinants. Strategies to attain better follow-up must be aimed to modifiable life style factors as smoking and to structural characteristics of health care services in the studied area.

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          Screening for cervical cancer: a review of women's attitudes, knowledge, and behaviour.

          F Fylan (1998)
          The United Kingdom (UK) cervical screening programme has been successful in securing participation of a high proportion of targeted women, and has seen a fall in mortality rates of those suffering from cervical cancer. There remains, however, a significant proportion of unscreened women and, of women in whom an abnormality is detected, many will not attend for colposcopy. The present work reviews the psychological consequences of receiving an abnormal cervical smear result and of secondary screening and treatment, and examines reasons for women's non-participation in the screening programme. Psychological theories of screening behavior are used to elucidate women's reactions and to suggest methods of increasing participation, of improving the quality of the service, and of reducing women's anxiety. A literature search identified studies that examine factors influencing women's participation in the screening programme, their psychological reaction to the receipt of an abnormal cervical smear result, and experiences of colposcopy. Reasons for non-participation include administrative failures, unavailability of a female screener, inconvenient clinic times, lack of awareness of the test's indications and benefits, considering oneself not to be at risk of developing cervical cancer, and fear of embarrassment, pain, or the detection of cancer. The receipt of an abnormal result and referral for colposcopy cause high levels of distress owing to limited understanding of the meaning of the smear test; many women believe the test aims to detect existing cervical cancer. The quality of the cervical screening service can be enhanced by the provision of additional information, by improved quality of communication, and by consideration of women's health beliefs. This may result in increased participation in, and satisfaction with, the service.
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            Factors affecting utilization of cervical cancer prevention services in low-resource settings

            Strategies for introducing or strengthening cervical cancer prevention programs must focus on ensuring that appropriate, cost-effective services are available and that women who most need the services will, in fact, use them. This article summarizes the experiences of research projects in Bolivia, Peru, Kenya, South Africa, and Mexico. Factors that affect participation rates in cervical cancer prevention programs are categorized in three sections. The first section describes factors that arise from prevailing sociocultural norms that influence women's views on reproductive health, well being, and notions of illness. The second section discusses factors related to the clinical requirements and the type of service delivery system in which a woman is being asked to participate. The third section discusses factors related to quality of care. Examples of strategies that programs are using to encourage women's participation in cervical cancer prevention services are provided.
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              Interventions to improve follow-up of abnormal findings in cancer screening.

              The potential reduction in morbidity and mortality through cancer screening cannot be realized without receipt of appropriate follow-up care for abnormalities identified via screening. In this paper, the authors critically examine the existing literature on correlates of receipt of appropriate follow-up care for screen-detected abnormalities, as well as the literature on interventions designed to increase rates of receipt of follow-up care. Lessons learned describe what is known and not known about factors that are related to or predict receipt of follow-up care. Similarly, effective interventions to increase follow-up are described and gaps identified. A conceptual model is developed that categorizes the health care system in the United States as comprising four levels: policy, practice, provider, and patient. Some patient-level factors that influence follow-up receipt are identified, but the lack of data severely limit the understanding of provider, practice, and policy-level correlates. The majority of intervention studies to increase follow-up receipt have focused on patient-level factors and have targeted follow-up of abnormal Papanicolaou smears. Insufficient information is available regarding the effectiveness of provider, practice, or policy-level interventions. Standard definitions of what constitutes appropriate follow-up are lacking, which severely limit comparability of findings across studies. The validity of various methods of obtaining outcome data has not been clearly established. More research is needed on interventions targeting provider, system, and policy-level factors, particularly interventions focusing on follow-up of colorectal and breast abnormalities. Standardization of definitions and measures is needed to facilitate comparisons across studies.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                sausoc
                Saúde e Sociedade
                Saude soc.
                Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. (São Paulo )
                1984-0470
                June 2009
                : 18
                : 2
                : 325-333
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Iguaçu
                [2 ] Hospital Geral de Nova Iguaçu Brazil
                [3 ] Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Brazil
                [4 ] Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Brazil
                [5 ] Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Brazil
                [6 ] Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Brazil
                Article
                S0104-12902009000200015
                10.1590/S0104-12902009000200015
                eb0b0fdb-7140-4f11-ba1c-fa1538df07f7

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0104-1290&lng=en
                Categories
                PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

                Public health
                Follow-Up,Uterine Cervix,Aderência,Seguimento,Lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau,Cérvice uterina,Adherence,High Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion

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