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      Acompanhamento da icterícia neonatal em recém nascidos de termo e prematuros tardios Translated title: Follow up of neonatal jaundice in term and late premature newborns

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: Relatar os resultados de um projeto de acompanhamento de recémnascidos de termo e próximos ao termo ictéricos no período neonatal. Métodos: Foram encaminhados a ambulatório especializado neonatos com peso ≥ 2.000 g e/ou idade gestacional ≥ 35 semanas, cuja icterícia na alta foi avaliada inicialmente com o icterômetro de Ingram, Bilicheck® e, se indicado, com bilirrubinômetro Unistat (Leica). A bilirrubinemia destes recémnascidos situavase no ou acima do percentil 40 do nomogramaelaborado por Bhutani. Todos recémnascidos tratados com fototerapia durante internação foram reavaliados laboratorialmente 24 horas após suspensão do tratamento. A indicação de reinternação para tratamento fototerápico intensivo foi para pacientecomnível ≥ 20 mg/dL. Resultados: De um total de 11.259 neonatos, 2.452 (21,8%) foram encaminhados para acompanhamento, dos quais 87,2% (2.140) retornaram. Oitenta neonatos retornados foram reinternados. Dos 2.452 encaminhados para retorno, 180 (7,3%) tinham bilirrubinemia ≥ 15 mg/ dLna alta. Destes, 151 retornaram para acompanhamento. Vinte (13,2%) foram reinternados para tratamento. Do total de reinternados, dois recémnascidos apresentaram nível ≥ 25 mg/dL e nenhum ≥ 30 mg/dL. Todos responderam rapidamente à fototerapia intensiva, e não houve necessidade de utilizar exsangüinotransfusões. Conclusões: Nossos resultados sugerem que o esquema adotado é eficiente na detecção e prevenção de hiperbilirrubinemias de risco para produzir encefalopatia bilirrubínica em recémnascidos de termo e próximos ao termo.

          Translated abstract

          Objective: To report on the results of a project fo llowing term and near term newborn infants who were jaundiced during the neonatal period. Methods: Neonates were referred to the follow up clinic with weight ≥ 2,000 g and/or gestational age ≥ 35 weeks, and jaundice at discharge was initially assessed with an Ingram icterometer or Bilicheck® and, if indicated, with a Unistat bilirubinometer (Leica). These newborn infants had bilirubinemia at or above the 40th percentile on the nomogram developed by Bhutani. All infants treated with phototherapy while in hospital were reassessed by laboratory methods 24 hours after withdrawal of treatment. Patients were rehospitalized for intensive phototherapy if their level was greater than or equal to 20 mg/dL. Results: From a total sample of 11,259 neonates, 2,452 (21.8%) were referred to the follow up clinic, 87.2% (2,140) of whom did return. Eighty returned neonates were readmitted. Return appointments were set for 2,452 patients, 180 (7.3%) of whom had bilirubinemia ≥ 15 mg/dL at discharge. Of these 180,151 returned for follow up. Twenty (13.2%) were readmitted for treatment. Of the total number of readmitted patients, two newborn infants had levels ≥ 25 mg/dL and none ≥ 30 mg/dL. All responded rapidly to intensive phototherapy, and there was no need for exchange transfusions. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the regime adopted is effective for detecting and preventing hyperbilirubinemia at risk of causing bilirubininduced ence phalopathy in term and near term newborn infants.

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          Most cited references53

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          Predictive Ability of a Predischarge Hour-specific Serum Bilirubin for Subsequent Significant Hyperbilirubinemia in Healthy Term and Near-term Newborns

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            A simplified method for diagnosis of gestational age in the newborn infant

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              An evidence-based review of important issues concerning neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

              This article is adapted from a published evidence report concerning neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with an added section on the risk of blood exchange transfusion (BET). Based on a summary of multiple case reports that spanned more than 30 years, we conclude that kernicterus, although infrequent, has at least 10% mortality and at least 70% long-term morbidity. It is evident that the preponderance of kernicterus cases occurred in infants with a bilirubin level higher than 20 mg/dL. Given the diversity of conclusions on the relationship between peak bilirubin levels and behavioral and neurodevelopmental outcomes, it is apparent that the use of a single total serum bilirubin level to predict long-term outcomes is inadequate and will lead to conflicting results. Evidence for efficacy of treatments for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was limited. Overall, the 4 qualifying studies showed that phototherapy had an absolute risk-reduction rate of 10% to 17% for prevention of serum bilirubin levels higher than 20 mg/dL in healthy infants with jaundice. There is no evidence to suggest that phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia has any long-term adverse neurodevelopmental effects. Transcutaneous measurements of bilirubin have a linear correlation to total serum bilirubin and may be useful as screening devices to detect clinically significant jaundice and decrease the need for serum bilirubin determinations. Based on our review of the risks associated with BETs from 15 studies consisting mainly of infants born before 1970, we conclude that the mortality within 6 hours of BET ranged from 3 per 1000 to 4 per 1000 exchanged infants who were term and without serious hemolytic diseases. Regardless of the definitions and rates of BET-associated morbidity and the various pre-exchange clinical states of the exchanged infants, in many cases the morbidity was minor (eg, postexchange anemia). Based on the results from the most recent study to report BET morbidity, the overall risk of permanent sequelae in 25 sick infants who survived BET was from 5% to 10%.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbp
                Revista de la Sociedad Boliviana de Pediatría
                Rev. bol. ped.
                Sociedad Boliviana de Pediatría (La Paz, , Bolivia )
                1024-0675
                2009
                : 48
                : 2
                : 123-129
                Affiliations
                [01] Campinas SP orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências Médicas orgdiv2Departamento de Pediatria
                Article
                S1024-06752009000200012
                eb0e7e33-fd77-4d95-bc12-79a4b7ca7a96

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 April 2007
                : 31 October 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Bolivia


                Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia/prevention and control,kernicterus/ prevention,phototherapy/utilization,Hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal,prevenção e controle,kernicterus/ prevenção,fototerapia,utilização

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