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      Body height and its estimation utilizing foot length measurements in Montenegrin adolescents: a national survey Translated title: Uso de la medida de la longitud del pie como estimación de la estatura en la Encuesta Nacional de Montenegro

      research-article
      Nutrición Hospitalaria
      Grupo Arán
      Predicción, Antropometría, Longitud del pie, Montenegro, Prediction, Anthropometry, Foot length, Montenegrin

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          Abstract

          Abstract Background: the purpose of this research was to determine a regression equation for the estimation of stature based on foot length measurements. Methods: this research was carried out in 1,001 subjects (504 male and 497 female) from the population of Montenegrin adolescents. The stature and foot length measurements were taken according to the ISAK protocol, and the data were analyzed statistically. A linear regression analysis determined the prediction of foot length for the criterion variable of body height at a significance level of p < 0.05. These relations are presented in the form of a scatter diagram. We obtained the coefficient of determination, multiple correlation coefficients, a partial correlation coefficient, the regression, a t-test and a standardized beta coefficient. Results: the results of this research study confirmed that foot length reliably predicts stature in Montenegrin adolescents of both genders, and revealed a very useful finding for physical anthropologists and experts from related fields. Conclusions: it was confirmed that there is a correlation between foot length and body height (males: 41.9 %, females: 44.3 %). Therefore, foot length has proven to be a reliable predictor on the basis of which actual body height can be estimated.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Antecedentes: el propósito de esta investigación es establecer una ecuación de regresión para la estimación de la estatura a partir de la medida de la longitud del pie. Métodos: la investigación se realizó en una muestra de 1001 adolescentes montenegrinos (504 varones y 497 mujeres). La medición de la estatura y la longitud del pie se realizaron de acuerdo con el protocolo ISAK. Estudio estadístico: la relación entre estatura y longitud del pie se hizo mediante correlación simple. La comparación de medias entre sexos se realizó mediante t de Student; para el estudio de valoración de la fiabilidad de la medida de la longitud del pie como estimador de la estatura se usó una regresión lineal. Resultados: los resultados confirmaron que la medida de la longitud del pie predice de una forma fiable la estatura en ambos sexos en adolescentes de Montenegro. Este hallazgo puede ser de gran utilidad para los antropometristas y otras áreas relacionadas. Conclusiones: se confirmó que existe una buena correlación en la medida de la longitud del pie y la estatura (varones 41,9 %, mujeres 44,3 %). Por lo tanto, esta medida puede ser un predictor fiable a partir de la cual se puede estimar la estatura.

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          Most cited references32

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          Insulin resistance during puberty: results from clamp studies in 357 children.

          Insulin resistance may be an important cause of a constellation of cardiovascular risk factors in adults, and onset of this syndrome may occur in childhood. However, children normally experience transient insulin resistance at puberty. There were 357 normal children (159 girls, 198 boys) age 10-14 years who underwent euglycemic clamp studies to assess the effects of Tanner stage (T), sex, ethnicity, and BMI on insulin resistance. Insulin resistance increased immediately at the onset of puberty (T2), but returned to near prepubertal levels by the end of puberty (T5). Its peak occurred at T3 in both sexes, and girls were more insulin resistant than boys at all T stages. White boys appeared to be more insulin resistant than black boys; no difference was seen between white and black girls. Insulin resistance was strongly related to BMI, triceps skinfold thickness, and waist circumference, and this relationship was independent of Tanner stage or sex. Differences in BMI and adiposity did not, however, entirely explain the insulin resistance of puberty. These results demonstrate that 1) significant differences in insulin resistance are present between boys and girls; 2) insulin resistance increases significantly at T2, T3, and T4, but decreases to near prepubertal levels at T5; and 3) while insulin resistance is related to BMI and anthropometric measures of fatness, these factors do not completely explain the insulin resistance that occurs during the Tanner stages of puberty.
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            Longitudinal study on pubertal insulin resistance.

            Previous cross-sectional studies show that puberty is associated with a reduction in insulin sensitivity (S(I)), but no longitudinal studies have examined this change in detail. This study is a longitudinal study in 60 children (33 male and 27 female subjects; 32 Caucasian and 28 African-American) examined at Tanner stage I (age 9.2 +/- 1.4 years) and after 2.0 +/- 0.6 years of follow-up, by which time 29 children remained at Tanner stage I and 31 had progressed to Tanner stage III or IV. Tanner stage was assessed by physical examination. S(I), the acute insulin response (AIR), and the disposition index (DI) were determined by the tolbutamide-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal modeling, body fat mass was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, visceral fat was determined by computed tomography, and fasting blood was analyzed for hormone levels. In children progressing to Tanner stage III, S(I) fell significantly by 32% (4.4 +/- 3.0 to 3.0 +/- 1.7 x 10(-4)min(-1)/[microIU/ml]), AIR increased by 30%, DI fell by 27%, and there was a significant increase in fasting glucose (93.5 +/- 5.0 to 97.0 +/- 4.1 mg/dl) and insulin (14.3 +/- 8.1 to 18.6 +/- 11.0 microIU/ml). In children remaining at Tanner stage I, there was a slight increase in S(I) (6.4 +/- 3.1 to 7.4 +/- 3.5 x 10(-4)min(-1)/[microIU/ml]) with no significant change in AIR or fasting glucose and insulin. The pubertal fall in S(I) was more consistent in African-Americans; remained significant after controlling for age, sex, and change in fat mass, visceral fat, and fat-free mass; and was similar in children at low, medium, and high body fat. Change in S(I) was not significantly related to change in fasting hormone levels, but change in AIR was significantly related to change in androstendione (r = 0.39; P = 0.04). Pubertal transition from Tanner stage I to Tanner stage III was associated with a 32% reduction in S(I,) and increases in fasting glucose, insulin, and AIR. These changes were similar across sex, ethnicity, and obesity. The significant fall in DI suggests conservation in beta-cell function or an inadequate beta-cell response to the fall in S(I). The fall in S(I) was not associated with changes in body fat, visceral fat, IGF-I, androgens, or estradiol.
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              Nationwide age references for sitting height, leg length, and sitting height/height ratio, and their diagnostic value for disproportionate growth disorders.

              To obtain age references for sitting height (SH), leg length (LL), and SH/H ratio in the Netherlands; to evaluate how SH standard deviation score (SDS), LL SDS, SH/H SDS, and SH/LL SDS are related to height SDS; and to study the usefulness of height corrected SH/H cut-off lines to detect Marfan syndrome and hypochondroplasia. Cross-sectional data on height and sitting height were collected from 14,500 children of Dutch origin in the age range 0-21 years. Reference SD charts were constructed by the LMS method. Correlations were analysed in three age groups. SH/H data from patients with Marfan syndrome and genetically confirmed hypochondroplasia were compared with height corrected SH/H references. A positive association was observed between H SDS, SH SDS, and LL SDS in all age groups. There was a negative correlation between SH/H SDS and height SDS. In short children with a height SDS <-2 SDS, a cut-off limit of +2.5 SD leads to a more acceptable percentage of false positive results. In exceptionally tall children, a cut-off limit of -2.2 SDS can be used. Alternatively, a nomogram of SH/H SDS versus H SDS can be helpful. The sensitivity of the height corrected cut-off lines for hypochondroplasia was 80% and for Marfan syndrome only 30%. In exceptionally short or tall children, the dependency of the SH/H ratio (SDS) on height SDS has to be taken into consideration in the evaluation of body proportions. The sensitivity of the cut-off lines for hypochondroplasia is fair.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                August 2020
                : 37
                : 4
                : 794-798
                Affiliations
                [1] Niksic orgnameUniversity of Montenegro orgdiv1Faculty of Sport and Physical Education Montenegro
                Article
                S0212-16112020000500021 S0212-1611(20)03700400021
                10.20960/nh.03056
                eb1bb8e5-06ef-4b8f-9afd-b4db42dbe82b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 April 2020
                : 20 February 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Papers

                Montenegrin,Anthropometry,Montenegro,Antropometría,Prediction,Predicción,Foot length,Longitud del pie

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