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      Knowledge and Perceptions of HPV and the HPV Vaccine among Pre-adolescent Girls and Their Guardians in Georgetown, Guyana Translated title: Conocimientos y Percepciones de VPH y la Vacuna contra el VPH entre las Niñas Preadolescentes y Sus Tutoras o Tutores en Georgetown, Guyana

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the knowledge and perceptions of 11-year old girls and their guardians toward the human papillomavirus (HPV), HPV (mandatory) vaccination and cervical cancer and to determine their main sources of health information. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done by interviewing two separate study populations ie 11-year old girls from five primary schools in Georgetown and their guardians. Questions were designed to assess level of knowledge as well as perceptions about mandatory vaccination and sources of health information. Results: A total of 87 girls participated, of whom 10 (11%) had already received the HPV vaccine. Over-all, when asked whether they knew of HPV, the HPV vaccine, cervical cancer or the Pap smear, more than half of the girls, in every instance, did not know. Seventy-four guardians took part and most (> 80%) of them claimed that they knew about these parameters except for HPV transmission (40%) and the cause of cervical cancer (30%). Both girls and guardians responded poorly to questions about the detection of cervical cancer. Furthermore, only two of the 14 girls who stated that they knew how HPV was transmitted, actually answered correctly that it was sexual transmission. Girls were almost twice as likely to be in favour of mandatory vaccination as guardians (OR 1.8, 95% CI: 0.9, 3.6) but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). The girls indicated health centres/clinics (58%), whilst TV/radio (66%) was the preference for the guardians as their most popular health information sources. Conclusions: These findings point to a necessity for educational programmes and activities in which children and their guardians can meaningfully participate and be informed about the different aspects of HPV vaccination.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo: Examinar los conocimientos y las percepciones de las niñas de 11 años de edad y sus tutoras o tutores hacia el virus del papiloma humano (VPH), la vacunación (obligatoria) contra el VPH y el cán- cer del cuello uterino, y determinar sus principales fuentes de información de salud. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal entrevistando a dos poblaciones de estudio por separado, es decir, niñas de 11 años de cinco escuelas primarias en Georgetown por una parte, y sus tutoras o tutores por otra parte. Las preguntas fueron diseñadas con el fin de evaluar el nivel de conocimiento, así como las percepciones sobre la vacunación obligatoria y las fuentes de información de salud. Resultados: Participaron un total de 87 niñas, 10 (11%) de las cuales ya habían recibido la vacuna contra el VPH. En general, cuando se les preguntó si sabían del VPH, la vacuna contra el VPH, el cáncer cervical o la prueba de Papanicolaou, más de la mitad de las niñas en su totalidad, no sabían. Setenta y cuatro tutoras/tutores tomaron parte y la mayoría (> 80%) de ellos afirmaron que sabían de estos parámetros, con excepción de la transmisión del VPH (40%) y la causa del cáncer cervical (30%). Tanto las niñas como las tutoras o tutores dieron respuestas pobres a las preguntas sobre la detección del cáncer de cuello uterino. Además, sólo dos de las 14 niñas que dijeron saber cómo se transmite el VPH, res- pondieron realmente de manera, apuntando a la transmisión sexual. La probabilidad de estar a favor de la vacunación obligatoria fue dos veces mayor entre las niñas que entre las tutoras o tutores (OR 1.8, 95% IC: 0.9, 3.6), pero la diferencia no fue significativa (p > 0.05). Las niñas indicaron su preferencia por los centros o clínicas de salud (58%) como sus fuentes más populares de información sobre la salud, mientras que las tutoras o tutores señalaron su preferencia por la televisión y la radio (66%). Conclusiones: Estos resultados apuntan a una necesidad de programas educativos y actividades en tanto las niñas como sus tutores puedan tener una participación significativa, y estar informados sobre los diferentes aspectos de la vacunación contra el VPH.

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          How Adolescents Use Technology for Health Information: Implications for Health Professionals from Focus Group Studies

          Background Adolescents present many challenges in providing them effective preventive services and health care. Yet, they are typically the early adopters of new technology (eg, the Internet). This creates important opportunities for engaging youths via eHealth. Objective To describe how adolescents use technology for their health-information needs, identify the challenges they face, and highlight some emerging roles of health professionals regarding eHealth services for adolescents. Methods Using an inductive qualitative research design, 27 focus groups were conducted in Ontario, Canada. The 210 participants (55% female, 45% male; median age 16 years) were selected to reflect diversity in age, sex, geographic location, cultural identity, and risk. An 8-person team analyzed and coded the data according to major themes. Results Study participants most-frequently sought or distributed information related to school (89%), interacting with friends (85%), social concerns (85%), specific medical conditions (67%), body image and nutrition (63%), violence and personal safety (59%), and sexual health (56%). Finding personally-relevant, high-quality information was a pivotal challenge that has ramifications on the depth and types of information that adolescents can find to answer their health questions. Privacy in accessing information technology was a second key challenge. Participants reported using technologies that clustered into 4 domains along a continuum from highly-interactive to fixed information sources: (1) personal communication: telephone, cell phone, and pager; (2) social communication: e-mail, instant messaging, chat, and bulletin boards; (3) interactive environments: Web sites, search engines, and computers; and (4) unidirectional sources: television, radio, and print. Three emerging roles for health professionals in eHealth include: (1) providing an interface for adolescents with technology and assisting them in finding pertinent information sources; (2) enhancing connection to youths by extending ways and times when practitioners are available; and (3) fostering critical appraisal skills among youths for evaluating the quality of health information. Conclusions This study helps illuminate adolescent health-information needs, their use of information technologies, and emerging roles for health professionals. The findings can inform the design and more-effective use of eHealth applications for adolescent populations.
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            Evaluating Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Programs

            Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated as the primary etiologic agent of cervical cancer. Potential vaccines against high-risk HPV types are in clinical trials. We evaluated vaccination programs with a vaccine against HPV-16 and HPV-18. We developed disease transmission models that estimated HPV prevalence and infection rates for the population overall, by age group, by level of sexual activity within each age group, and by sex. Data were based on clinical trials and published and unpublished sources. An HPV-16/18 vaccine for 12-year-old girls would reduce cohort cervical cancer cases by 61.8%, with a cost-effectiveness ratio of $14,583 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Including male participants in a vaccine rollout would further reduce cervical cancer cases by 2.2% at an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $442,039/QALY compared to female-only vaccination. Vaccination against HPV-16 and HPV-18 can be cost-effective, although including male participants in a vaccination program is generally not cost-effective, compared to female-only vaccination.
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              Factors that are associated with parental acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccines: a randomized intervention study of written information about HPV.

              Prophylactic vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) are expected to be available for public use by 2007 and likely will be targeted to preadolescent children. Parental acceptance of these vaccines will be critical for their success. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the overall acceptance of HPV vaccines for preadolescent children by parents, (2) to evaluate the influence of written educational information about HPV on parental acceptability of HPV vaccines, and (3) to identify independent predictors associated with HPV vaccine acceptability by parents. A randomized intervention study within a cross-sectional survey was conducted. Parental HPV vaccine acceptability was measured under 3 different hypothetical scenarios. A self-administered survey on the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about HPV and HPV vaccines was sent to 1600 parents of 8- to 12-year-old children. In addition to a baseline paragraph about HPV that was received by all study participants, a random half of the study participants received a detailed "HPV Information Sheet" outlining the epidemiology and potential clinical sequelae of HPV infection. Independent predictors of parental HPV vaccine acceptability were determined using multivariate linear regression models. Parents who received the HPV information sheet had higher mean scores on the HPV knowledge assessment tool than the control group. However, despite this apparent improvement in knowledge, there was not a statistically significant difference in HPV vaccine acceptability between the 2 groups. Providing parents with an HPV information sheet did seem to improve knowledge about HPV, but this increased knowledge had little effect on the acceptability of these vaccines by parents for their children. Instead, attitudes and life experiences seemed to be more important factors influencing HPV vaccine acceptability among parents.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                wimj
                West Indian Medical Journal
                West Indian med. j.
                The University of the West Indies (Mona, , Jamaica )
                0043-3144
                2309-5830
                January 2015
                : 64
                : 1
                : 43-48
                Affiliations
                [1] Turkeyen Campus orgnameUniversity of Guyana orgdiv1Faculty of Health Sciences orgdiv2Department of Medical Technology Guyana
                Article
                S0043-31442015000100043 S0043-3144(15)06400100043
                10.7727/wimj.2015.113
                eb1ded71-2320-4975-883f-e9926b8f4d24

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                SciELO West Indians

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                Girls,conocimiento,virus del papiloma humano (VPH),vacuna,Guyana,tutores,Niñas,vaccine,knowledge,human papillomavirus (HPV),guardians

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