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      Evaluation of Static and Dynamic Residual Mechanical Properties of Heat-Damaged Concrete for Nuclear Reactor Auxiliary Buildings in Korea Using Elastic Wave Velocity Measurements

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          Abstract

          The main objectives of this study are (1) to investigate the effects of heating and cooling on the static and dynamic residual properties of 35 MPa (5000 psi) concrete used in the design and construction of nuclear reactor auxiliary buildings in Korea; and (2) to establish the correlation between static and dynamic properties of heat-damaged concrete. For these purposes, concrete specimens (100 mm × 200 mm cylinder) were fabricated in a batch plant at a nuclear power plant (NPP) construction site in Korea. To induce thermal damages, the concrete specimens were heated to target temperatures from 100 °C to 1000 °C with intervals of 100 °C, at a heating rate of 5 °C/min and allowed to reach room temperature by natural cooling. The dynamic properties (dynamic elastic modulus and dynamic Poisson’s ratio) of concrete were evaluated using elastic wave measurements (P-wave velocity measurements according to ASTM C597/C597M-16 and fundamental longitudinal and transverse resonance tests according to ASTM C215-14) before and after the thermal damages. The static properties (compressive strength, static elastic modulus and static Poisson’s ratio) of heat-damaged concrete were measured by the uniaxial compressive testing in accordance with ASTM C39-14 and ASTM C469-14. It was demonstrated that the elastic wave velocities of heat-damaged concrete were proportional to the square root of the reduced dynamic elastic moduli. Furthermore, the relationship between static and dynamic elastic moduli of heat-damaged concrete was established in this study. The results of this study could improve the understanding of the static and dynamic residual mechanical properties of Korea NPP concrete under heating and cooling.

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          Most cited references27

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          Behaviour of cement concrete at high temperature

          I. Hager (2013)
          The paper presents the impact of high temperature on cement concrete. The presented data have been selected both from the author’s most recent research and the published literature in order to provide a brief outline of the subject. The effect of a high temperature on concrete covers changes taking place in cement paste, aggregates, as well as the interaction of these two constituents, that result in changes of mechanical and physical characteristics of concrete. This paper presents the effects of a high temperature on selected physical properties of concrete, including colour change, thermal strain, thermal strains under load, and transient thermal strains. In addition, changes to mechanical properties are discussed: stress-strain relationship, compressive strength, and modulus of elasticity. Moreover, the phenomenon of explosive spalling and the main factors that affect its extent are analysed in light of the most recent research
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            Properties of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures

            Fire response of concrete structural members is dependent on the thermal, mechanical, and deformation properties of concrete. These properties vary significantly with temperature and also depend on the composition and characteristics of concrete batch mix as well as heating rate and other environmental conditions. In this chapter, the key characteristics of concrete are outlined. The various properties that influence fire resistance performance, together with the role of these properties on fire resistance, are discussed. The variation of thermal, mechanical, deformation, and spalling properties with temperature for different types of concrete are presented.
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              Residual stress–strain relationship for concrete after exposure to high temperatures

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Materials (Basel)
                Materials (Basel)
                materials
                Materials
                MDPI
                1996-1944
                23 August 2019
                September 2019
                : 12
                : 17
                : 2695
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Architectural Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
                [2 ]Department of Civil Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Korea
                [3 ]Department of Architectural Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea
                [4 ]Department of Civil Engineering, Korea Electric Power Corporation Engineering and Construction (KEPCO E&C), Gimcheon-si 39660, Korea
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: shkee@ 123456dau.ac.kr
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7743-4881
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9630-3898
                Article
                materials-12-02695
                10.3390/ma12172695
                6747792
                31443598
                eb3c6df8-23c7-4302-a997-efdeebd75c4b
                © 2019 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 16 July 2019
                : 17 August 2019
                Categories
                Article

                concrete,thermal-induced damage,mechanical properties,non-destructive evaluation

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