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      Efectividad de las intervenciones multicomponente para la promoción de la actividad física en personas mayores: una revisión sistemática Translated title: Effectiveness of multicomponent interventions to promote physical activity in the elderly: a systematic review

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivos: Sintetizar y analizar la evidencia disponible sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones multicomponente encaminadas a la promoción de la actividad física en personas mayores de 65 años residentes en la comunidad. Metodología: Revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de artículos publicados en inglés y castellano en Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CUIDEN y CINAHL, desde 2007 a 2017, que indagaran sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones multicomponente para promover la actividad física. La selección de estudios elegibles se realizó por duplicado y de forma independiente según los criterios establecidos, consensuando posteriormente los resultados. Se encontraron 1320 estudios, de los cuales 6 cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Se siguió la declaración PRISMA. La calidad de los artículos fue evaluada con la escala de JADAD y el riesgo de sesgo con el instrumento de la Colaboración Cochrane. Resultados: Aunque la mayoría de las intervenciones que utilizaron tecnologías o su combinación con sesiones educativas mejoraron la actividad física, el funcionamiento físico y las conductas de salud, ciertos estudios no confirman que las intervenciones promovieran la actividad física. Conclusiones: Existe cierta controversia sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones multicomponente. A pesar de lo anterior, incorporar tecnologías de la información y la comunicación y su combinación con las sesiones educativas mejora la actividad física en personas mayores y las tasas de adherencia a las intervenciones. Futuros estudios deben indagar en los factores asociados al éxito de las intervenciones.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Aims: To synthesize and analyse the available evidence on the efficacy of multicomponent interventions aimed at promoting physical activity in elderly people over 65 years living in the community. Methodology: Systematic review of Randomized Clinical Trials. A systematic search of articles published in English and Spanish was carried out in Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, Superior Council of Scientific Investigations, CUIDEN and CINAHL, from 2007 to 2017 that analyzed the efficacy of multicomponent interventions to promote physical activity. Screening of eligible studies was conducted in duplicate and independently according established criteria, discussed the results. 1320 studies were found, six of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. PRISMA declaration was followed. Study quality was assessed with JADAD scale and the risk of bias with Cochrane Collaboration instrument. Results: While most of interventions that used some technology or combining technology with educational sessions reported improvements in physical activity, physical functioning and health behaviour, certain studies did not confirm that the interventions promoting physical activity. Conclusions: There is some controversy about the efficacy of multicomponent interventions. Notwithstanding the above, interventions that use information and communication technologies and its combination with educational sessions improve physical activity in older people and the rates of adherence to the intervention. Further research is needed to understand factors of interventions success.

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          Most cited references38

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          Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement

          David Moher and colleagues introduce PRISMA, an update of the QUOROM guidelines for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses
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            Improving the Reporting Quality of Nonrandomized Evaluations of Behavioral and Public Health Interventions: The TREND Statement

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              Harnessing Different Motivational Frames via Mobile Phones to Promote Daily Physical Activity and Reduce Sedentary Behavior in Aging Adults

              Mobile devices are a promising channel for delivering just-in-time guidance and support for improving key daily health behaviors. Despite an explosion of mobile phone applications aimed at physical activity and other health behaviors, few have been based on theoretically derived constructs and empirical evidence. Eighty adults ages 45 years and older who were insufficiently physically active, engaged in prolonged daily sitting, and were new to smartphone technology, participated in iterative design development and feasibility testing of three daily activity smartphone applications based on motivational frames drawn from behavioral science theory and evidence. An “analytically” framed custom application focused on personalized goal setting, self-monitoring, and active problem solving around barriers to behavior change. A “socially” framed custom application focused on social comparisons, norms, and support. An “affectively” framed custom application focused on operant conditioning principles of reinforcement scheduling and emotional transference to an avatar, whose movements and behaviors reflected the physical activity and sedentary levels of the user. To explore the applications' initial efficacy in changing regular physical activity and leisure-time sitting, behavioral changes were assessed across eight weeks in 68 participants using the CHAMPS physical activity questionnaire and the Australian sedentary behavior questionnaire. User acceptability of and satisfaction with the applications was explored via a post-intervention user survey. The results indicated that the three applications were sufficiently robust to significantly improve regular moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity and decrease leisure-time sitting during the 8-week behavioral adoption period. Acceptability of the applications was confirmed in the post-intervention surveys for this sample of midlife and older adults new to smartphone technology. Preliminary data exploring sustained use of the applications across a longer time period yielded promising results. The results support further systematic investigation of the efficacy of the applications for changing these key health-promoting behaviors.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                geroko
                Gerokomos
                Gerokomos
                Sociedad Española de Enfermería Geriátrica y gerontológica (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                1134-928X
                2020
                : 31
                : 3
                : 149-157
                Affiliations
                [1] Toledo orgnameUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha orgdiv1Residencia de Mayores Barber Spain
                [2] Talavera de la Reina orgnameUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia y Terapia Ocupacional Spain
                [3] Dublin orgnameUniversity College Dublin Irlanda
                Article
                S1134-928X2020000300149 S1134-928X(20)03100300149
                eb4b7e2e-d718-497c-bb9a-be4b812987f5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 June 2019
                : 21 December 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Revisiones

                Elderly,revisión sistemática,ensayo clínico,ejercicio,Anciano,systematic review,exercise,clinical trial

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