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      Expatriação de atletas e seus aspectos psicológicos: uma revisão sistemática de literatura Translated title: Expatriation of athletes and psychological aspects: a systematic literature review Translated title: Expatriación de atletas y aspectos psicológicos: una revisión de literatura sistemática

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Atletas de modalidades esportivas migram ao longo de suas carreiras para outros países em busca de diferentes objetivos, dentre os quais alcançar melhor desempenho e status sociais e financeiro. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi revisar a literatura em relação aos aspectos psicológicos envolvidos no processo de expatriação de atletas. Para tanto, foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados Scielo, PubMed, SportDiscus, BVS, Embase e Banco de teses e dissertações da CAPES, com vocábulos próprios de cada base, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Foram incluídos estudos que contemplassem atletas de rendimento e investigassem o processo de migração internacional no esporte, além de excluídos os estudos de revisão e estudos realizados com estudantes, atletas estudantes e técnicos. Após criteriosa triagem, realizada por meio do programa gerenciador de referências bibliográficas, o software EndNote®, foram selecionados e armazenados oito estudos elegíveis para análise, utilizando o modelo temporal de transição cultural. Assim, os resultados obtidos ilustraram que, entre os atletas, não é uma prática comum a busca por informações prévias sobre o país hospedeiro e/ou o contexto esportivo em que serão inseridos. Já, em relação ao processo de adaptação cultural aguda, evidenciou-se que a principal estratégia utilizada, ligada às necessidades psicológicas básicas, somada ao aprendizado do idioma, foram fundamentais na promoção da sensação de pertencimento à cultura e, consequentemente, o desenvolvimento da adaptação sociocultural. Diante disso, conclui-se que investigar os aspectos psicológicos envolvidos na migração internacional de atletas, oferecendo o preparo psicológico para enfrentar os desafios pertinentes à adaptação cultural, provavelmente contribuirão para o melhor entendimento nas escolhas das estratégias a serem utilizadas nesse processo, bem como podem ser determinantes para o sucesso da migração.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Athletes from sports modalities migrate throughout their career to other countries in search of different objectives, among them, to achieve better performance and social and financial status. In this sense, the objective of this study was to review the literature in relation to the psychological aspects involved in the expatriation process of athletes. For this purpose, searches were carried out in the Scielo, PubMed, SportDiscus, BVS, Embase and CAPES theses and dissertations databases, with words specific to each base, in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Studies that included performance athletes and investigated the process of international migration in sport were included and review studies and studies with students, student athletes and coaches were excluded. After careful screening, carried out by means of the bibliographic reference manager program, the EndNote® software, eight studies eligible for analysis were selected and stored using the temporal model of cultural transition. Thus, the results obtained illustrated that, among athletes, it is not a common practice to search for previous information about the host country and / or the sports context to which they will be inserted. In relation to the process of acute cultural adaptation, it became evident that the main strategy used is linked to basic psychological needs, in addition to language learning, were fundamental in promoting the feeling of belonging to culture and, consequently, the development of sociocultural adaptation. Therefore, it is concluded that investigating the psychological aspects involved in the international migration of athletes, offering the psychological preparation to face the challenges pertinent to cultural adaptation, will probably contribute to a better understanding in the choices of strategies to be used in this process, as well as can determining the success of the migration.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Los atletas de modalidades deportivas migran a lo largo de su carrera a otros países en busca de diferentes objetivos, entre ellos, para lograr un mejor rendimiento y un estado social y financiero. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue revisar la literatura en relación con los aspectos psicológicos involucrados en el proceso de expatriación de los atletas. Para este fin, se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos de tesis y disertaciones de Scielo, PubMed, SportDiscus, BVS, Embase y CAPES, con palabras específicas para cada base, en inglés, portugués y español. Se incluyeron estudios que incluyeron atletas de rendimiento e investigaron el proceso de migración internacional en el deporte y se excluyeron los estudios de revisión y estudios con estudiantes, estudiantes atletas y entrenadores. Después de una cuidadosa selección, realizada a través del programa administrador de referencias bibliográficas, el software EndNote®, se seleccionaron y almacenaron ocho estudios elegibles para el análisis utilizando el modelo temporal de transición cultural. Por lo tanto, los resultados obtenidos ilustraron que, entre los atletas, no es una práctica común buscar información previa sobre el país anfitrión y / o el contexto deportivo en el que se insertarán. En relación con el proceso de adaptación cultural aguda, se hizo evidente que la estrategia principal utilizada está vinculada a las necesidades psicológicas básicas, además del aprendizaje de idiomas, fueron fundamentales para promover el sentimiento de pertenencia a la cultura y, en consecuencia, el desarrollo de Adaptación sociocultural. Por lo tanto, se concluye que investigar los aspectos psicológicos involucrados en la migración internacional de atletas, ofreciendo la preparación psicológica para enfrentar los desafíos pertinentes a la adaptación cultural, probablemente contribuirá a una mejor comprensión de las opciones de estrategias que se utilizarán en este proceso, así como determinando el éxito de la migración.

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          Most cited references40

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          Revisões sistemáticas da literatura: passos para sua elaboração

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            Stress in elite sport performers: a comparative study of competitive and organizational stressors.

            The purpose of this study was to compare the content and quantity of competitive and organizational stressors in elite athletes. Ten international performers were interviewed about sources of stress. Content analysis of the data involved categorizing the demands associated primarily and directly with competitive performance (#CS = 21) under the post hoc dimension "performance issues", and the demands associated primarily and directly with the sport organization (#OS = 72) under one of the following four post hoc dimensions: "environmental issues", "personal issues", "leadership issues" and "team issues". Frequency analysis revealed that the participants mentioned the competitive stressors (sigma = 95) less than the organizational stressors (sigma = 215). Further analysis within these categories showed that the mean number of participants citing individual competitive stressors (M = 4.52) was greater than the mean number of participants citing individual organizational stressors (M = 2.99). The findings indicate that elite athletes experience and recall more demands associated primarily and directly with the sport organization than with competitive performance. Furthermore, this population appears more likely to mention similar competitive stressors but varied organizational stressors, probably because the former are inherent and endemic to elite sport, whereas the latter are essentially extraneous and widely distributed.
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              The measurement of sociocultural adaptation

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpd
                Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte
                CPD
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Región de Murcia, Spain )
                1578-8423
                1989-5879
                April 2021
                : 21
                : 1
                : 119-134
                Affiliations
                [1] São Paulo orgnameUniversidade São Judas Tadeu Brazil
                Article
                S1578-84232021000100119 S1578-8423(21)02100100119
                eb521a68-b8c0-4262-9cf7-9be936c6d489

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 June 2020
                : 30 September 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                sports,atletas,aspectos psicológicos,deportes,migração internacional,psychological aspects,migración internacional,athletes,international migration,esportes

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