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      Hyalomma anatolicum as the Main Infesting Tick in an Important Livestock Rearing Region, Central Area of Iran

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          Abstract

          Background:

          This study was carried out to determine the infestation of domestic ruminants to ticks in an important livestock-rearing region, located in central part of Iran.

          Methods:

          Ticks were collected from cattle, sheep, and goats and then were identified with appropriate identification keys to species level in two different ecological regions of plains and mountain in 4 seasons in 2015.

          Results:

          Totally 492 ticks from cattle, sheep, and goats in 34 herds were collected. Totally, 18.53% of domestic animals were infected by ticks. All ticks were belonged to family Ixodidae and classified into three genera and six species comprising Hyalomma anatolicum (38.83%) , Hy. Asiaticum (23.37%), Hy. marginatum (2.85%), Hy. sp. (3.45%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (14.02%) and Haemaphysalis sulcata (10.98%). Sex ratio of the collected specimens showed 241 (48.99%) male, 219 (44.51%) female and 32 (6.5%) nymph

          Conclusion:

          Studied area is important for production of livestock and dairy products. Annually, many livestock products are exported to other parts from this region; therefore, it is very important to identify the infection rate of tick-borne diseases as well as safety factors on livestock.

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          Most cited references44

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          Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever: a seroepidemiological and tick survey in the Sultanate of Oman.

          In 1995 and 1996, 4 persons from the Sultanate of Oman were confirmed with clinical Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF). To assess the prevalence of CCHF virus infection in Oman, a convenience sample of imported and domestic animals from farms, abattoirs and livestock markets was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to CCHF virus. Ticks were collected from selected animals, identified, pooled by species, host and location and tested for evidence of infection with CCHF virus by antigen-capture ELISA. Serum samples from individuals working in animal and nonanimal contact-related jobs were also tested for CCHF antibodies. Serological evidence of infection was noted in 108 (22%) of 489 animals. Most of the ticks collected (618 of 912) from all species of sampled livestock were Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, a competent vector and reservoir of CCHF virus. 243 tick pools were tested for CCHF antigen, and 19 pools were positive. Of the individuals working in animal contact-related jobs, 73 (30.3%) of 241 non-Omani citizens and only 1 (2.4%) of 41 Omani citizens were CCHF antibody-positive. Butchers were more likely to have CCHF antibody than persons in other job categories. The presence of clinical disease and the serological results for animals and humans and infected Hyalomma ticks provide ample evidence of the presence of CCHF virus in yet another country in the Arabian Peninsula.
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            The global importance of ticks.

            Ticks and tick-borne diseases affect animal and human health worldwide and are the cause of significant economic losses. Approximately 10% of the currently known 867 tick species act as vectors of a broad range of pathogens of domestic animals and humans and are also responsible for damage directly due to their feeding behaviour. The most important tick species and the effects they cause are listed. The impact on the global economy is considered to be high and although some estimates are given, there is a lack of reliable data. The impact of ticks and tick-borne diseases on animal production and public health and their control are discussed.
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              Primary report on distribution of tick fauna in Iran.

              A tick survey was carried out in four different geographical areas of Iran, where the majority of the domestic ruminants in Iran exist. About 1,500 sheep, 1,200 goats and 500 cattle of 12 herds in different provinces lying in the corresponding zones were inspected for tick infestation. The occurrence of ticks on cattle, sheep and goats were 62, 55 and 57%, respectively, with no differences between the zones. The mean number of ticks on each animal was low (10-20 ticks per animal). Ixodid ticks were found throughout the year, whereas the soft tick Ornithodoros sp., which occurred in mountainous area with a significant difference in abundance, showed a clear pattern of seasonality, being generally present from November to March. The largest numbers of adult ixodid ticks were generally present from April to August. Rhipicephalus, Haemaphysalis and Dermacentor ticks occurred in the mountainous area, whereas Boophilus and Ixodes ticks were only present in the Caspian region. Hyalomma were very abundant in each zone but especially in the mountainous area, whereas Ixodes ticks were the minor genus.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Iran J Public Health
                Iran. J. Public Health
                IJPH
                IJPH
                Iranian Journal of Public Health
                Tehran University of Medical Sciences
                2251-6085
                2251-6093
                May 2018
                : 47
                : 5
                : 742-749
                Affiliations
                [1. ] Dept. of Biology Biosystematics, Faculty of Modern Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
                [2. ] Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
                [3. ] Laboratory of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
                [4. ] Dept. of Parasitology and Entomology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
                [5. ] Veterinary Office of Golpayegan, Isfahan, Iran
                [6. ] Dept. of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
                [7. ] Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [8. ] Dept. of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                Author notes
                [* ] Corresponding Author: Email: telmadarraiy@ 123456tums.ac.ir
                Article
                ijph-47-742
                6005964
                29922618
                eb661044-b6fd-40fb-8771-5e0236a1d94f
                Copyright© Iranian Public Health Association & Tehran University of Medical Sciences

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 15 May 2017
                : 19 October 2017
                Categories
                Short Communication

                Public health
                ixodidae,hyalomma anatolicum,livestock,iran
                Public health
                ixodidae, hyalomma anatolicum, livestock, iran

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