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      Parasitosis intestinales en 4 círculos infantiles de San Miguel del Padrón, Ciudad de La Habana, 1998

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          Abstract

          Se realizó un estudio coproparasitológico a 456 niños, de 1 a 5 años de edad pertenecientes a 4 círculos infantiles del municipio San Miguel del Padrón, durante el mes de noviembre de 1998, con la finalidad de conocer el comportamiento de las principales especies parásitas intestinales y en especial cómo se encontraba Giardia lamblia afectando a esta población infantil. Fueron recolectadas por cada niño, 3 muestras fecales frescas en días alternos, las que se procesaron con los métodos coproparasitológicos de examen directo y técnica de concentración de Ritchie. El parásito identificado con mayor frecuencia en este estudio fue G. lamblia, se encontraron 249 casos positivos, para una prevalencia de 54,6 %. El segundo lugar lo ocupó Blastocystis hominis (29,6 %), seguido por Endolimax nana (23,9 %). Las coccidias, Cryptosporidium parvum y Cyclospora cayetanensis, fueron detectadas con una baja frecuencia, 0,6 y 1,5 % respectivamente; la mayoría de los casos en un solo círculo. Estos resultados confirman que G. lamblia es el parásito más prevalente en los círculos infantiles, con un pico entre las edades de 2 a 4 años y sin diferencia entre los dos sexos.

          Translated abstract

          A coproparasitologic study was performed on 456 children aged 1-5 years from 4 day-care centers located in San Miguel del Padrón municipality during November 1998, with the aim of finding out the behaviour of the main intestinal parasites and particularly how Giardia lamblia was affecting this child population. Three fecal specimens were collected from each child in every other day, which were processed by coproparasitologic methods such as direct testing and Ritchie´s concentration technique. The most frequently identified parasite was G.lamblia with 249 positive cases for a prevalence rate of 54.6%. The second one was Blastocystis hominis (29.6%) followed by Endolimax nana(23.9%). Coccidia like Crystosporidium parvum and Cyclospora cayetanensis exhibited low frequencies, 0.6 and 1.5% respectively, being the majority of the cases located in only one day care center. These results confirmed that G.lamblia is the most prevailing parasite in day care centers, with peak frequency values in 2-4y age group and no differences between sexes.

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          The global burden of intestinal nematode infections--fifty years on.

          M S Chan (1997)
          Fifty years after Stoll published his 'This Wormy World' article, the global prevalence of infections with intestinal nematodes remains virtually unchanged. The main species involved are Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworms, and there are now approximately one billion infections with each of these, worldwide. Given these large numbers, Man-Suen Chan here focuses on attempting to quantify the disease burden caused by these infections, using a recently formulated method of calculating disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Using a mathematical model, it is estimated that approximately 70% of this burden can be prevented in high-prevalence communities by treating schoolchildren alone. Programmes targeted at schoolchildren have been shown to be extremely cost-effective, and hence this provides a realistic approach for combating these infections in the future.
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            Human cryptosporidiosis: epidemiology, transmission, clinical disease, treatment, and diagnosis.

            Cryptosporidiosis is now recognized as one of the most common human enteric infections. In this critical review, relatively unexplored details of transmission, the interaction with malnutrition and the development of chronic diarrhea, and the need for effective treatment are highlighted. Our inability to detect small numbers of foodborne oocysts limits our understanding of this transmission route, and the possibility of respiratory transmission is yet to be rigorously studied. The toll this disease imposes on children, especially the malnourished, has not been fully appreciated. Indeed, the dynamics of the progression from acute cryptosporidiosis to chronic diarrhea and death of malnourished children is still enigmatic. Our knowledge of the intestinal pathophysiology, while limited, is increasing. The lack of effective drug therapy is both remarkable and sobering. Overall, these unknown areas demonstrate how little we truly know about this parasite.
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              Longitudinal study of giardiasis in three day care centres of Havana City.

              The prevalence, incidence and reinfection of giardiasis were studied in 365 children attending three day care centres (DCCs) in Havana City. Three stool samples were obtained from each child every 6 months during an 18-month period. We identified three distinct groups of children according to their patterns of infection. In the largest group (51%) children were never found infected. In the second group, they were found infected once or twice during the study period, and in the third and the smallest group (9%) they were found infected in most or all the study periods. This last group seems to be children 'predisposed' to Giardia lamblia infection. The prevalence of giardiasis (20%) remained almost constant throughout the study period. The incidence declined from 16 to 11%, and reinfection increased from 36 to 49%. All the children had normal nutritional status and the only clinical manifestation that correlated strongly with the frequency of cross-sectional surveys positive to Giardia was the number of diarrhoeal episodes recorded during the last 6 months of the study period. Further studies will be necessary to ascertain the causes that determine the 'predisposition' to giardiasis in children.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                mtr
                Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical
                Rev Cubana Med Trop
                Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de la Habana )
                1561-3054
                December 2001
                : 53
                : 3
                : 189-193
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Estadual de Maringá Brazil
                Article
                S0375-07602001000300007
                eb753491-9e14-46d7-8697-3c263e9dcabe

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI (journal page): http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0375-0760&lng=en
                Categories
                TROPICAL MEDICINE

                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                GIARDIA LAMBLIA,GIARDIASIS,INTESTINAL DISEASES,PARASITIC,FECES,PARASITE EGG COUNT,CHILD,CHILD DAY CARE CENTERS,PARASITOSIS INTESTINAL,HECES,RECUENTO DE HUEVOS DE PARASITOS,NIÑO,JARDINES INFANTILES

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